A slow acetylator is a person who has an recessive single gene trait which effects the N acetylate transferase enzyme in the liver. This gene causes the enzyme to work slowly in the metabolism of certain drugs. Because of this slow pace situation the slow acetylator person will receive more of the given drug in his general circulation than a fast acetylator who is metabolizing the drug and sending it out of his body via the kidneys and urine at a quicker rate and thus leaving a smaller amount in the general circulation,i.e., bloodstream. The fast acetylator is in the optimum situation. (It is better to be fast than slow in drug metabolism.)
What to do?
There is now a simple test that can by pass genetic testing for the acetylator gene. It involve some sips of coffee and a tracing of the coffee's metabolic residue in the urine and the amounts and rate thereof. Or one can just have the DNA tested. Or in the more time honored fashion the doctor can simply adjust the drug dosages until the tolerable level of side effect if any is reached.
Slow acetylation does not mean drug allergy per se and does not rule out the taking of prescribed drugs.
It effects up to 50% of the population in certain groups, Canada and Germany for example and as low as 10% among some American Indians.
Acetylation describes the process of an introduction of an acetyl functional group into chemical compounds. Chemicals that are commonly involved are succinic acid.
Histones are proteins that organize DNA in the chromatin of eukaryotes (cells that have membrane enclosed nuclei). Acetylation means the introduction of acetyl group to a molecule. In essence, Histone Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones which, in turn, causes a decrease in the interaction with negatively charged phosphates in DNA.
Both euchromatin and histone acetylation.
Epigenetic Phenomena.
Acylation is a reaction in which an acyl group becomes attached to some structural unit in a molecule. Examples include the Friefel-Crafts acylation adn the conversio of amines to amides.
you can say as it contain Phenol ring that is undergoes acetylation process to form -OCOCH3
acetaminophen (n-acetate of 4-aminophenol)
Because it can not form the acetyl group easily but above 1000 Celsius acetic acid may form acetic anhydride which may be used to produce acetyl ion. Acetylation by acetic acid using is possible by using cobalt chloride as catalyst with good yield
When chromatin is tightly compacted and dense, it's called Heterochromatin. When chromatin is loosely packed, its called Euchromatin. Euchromatin is easily accessible to transcription enzymes, while herterochromatin makes transcription impossible because the enzymes cannot access the DNA. Therefore, a gene within heterochromatin cannot be expressed. Also, look up how histone modifications such as histone acetylation affect gene expression.
Yu-Chung Tsang has written: 'Non linear N-acetylation: study with sulphamethazine'
Acetylation is the compacting of a DNA molecule, making it more compact and reduces its ability to be transcribed.
The N denotes the acetyl group attached to the nitrogen - taking place of the two hydrogens that were present before acetylation.