The farthest island nation is Iceland, it doesn't touch Europe.
The subregion of Southern Europe extends the farthest in Western Europe, more specifically, the country of Greece.
Helsinki, Finland.
The Mongols were never able to expand to Western Europe, the farthest west they could get was Eastern Europe.
The Western World or Western Civilization.
Spain
Portugal
Germany with about 83,000,000
Yes the Netherlands (AKA Holland) is part of mainland Europe.
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain