1 Rosh Hashanah - The Jewish New Year
2 Aseret Yemei Teshuva - Ten Days of Repentance
3 Yom Kippur - Day of Atonement
4 Sukkot - Feast of Booths (or Tabernacles)
5 Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah
6 Hanukkah - Festival of Lights
7 Asarah B'tevet - Tenth of Tevet
8 Tu Bishvat - New Year of the Trees
9 Purim - Festival of Lots
10 Pesach - Passover
11 Sefirah - Counting of the Omer
12 Lag Ba'omer
13 Shavuot - Feast of Weeks - Yom HaBikurim
14 Seventeenth of Tammuz
15 The Three Weeks and the Nine Days
16 Tisha B'av - Ninth of Av
17 Rosh Chodesh - the New Month
18 Shabbat - The Sabbath
19 Yom HaShoah - Holocaust Remembrance day
20 Yom Hazikaron - Memorial Day
21 Yom Ha'atzmaut - Israel Independence Day
22 Yom Yerushalaim - Jerusalem Day
Jews have many holidays and holy days on the calendar. In addition the Sabbath (Shabbat/שבת) which occurs every week, the following are Jewish holidays, holy days, fasts, festivals, and secular days:
1 Rosh Hashanah - The Jewish New Year
2 Aseret Yemei Teshuva - Ten Days of Repentance
3 Yom Kippur - Day of Atonement
4 Sukkot - Feast of Booths (or Tabernacles)
5 Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah
6 Hanukkah - Festival of Lights
7 Asarah B'tevet - Tenth of Tevet
8 Tu Bishvat - New Year of the Trees
9 Purim - Festival of Lots
10 Pesach - Passover
11 Sefirah - Counting of the Omer
12 Lag Ba'omer
13 Shavuot - Feast of Weeks - Yom HaBikurim
14 Seventeenth of Tammuz
15 The Three Weeks and the Nine Days
16 Tisha B'av - Ninth of Av
17 Rosh Chodesh - the New Month
18 Shabbat - The Sabbath
19 Yom HaShoah - Holocaust Remembrance day
20 Yom Hazikaron - Memorial Day
21 Yom Ha'atzmaut - Israel Independence Day
22 Yom Yerushalaim - Jerusalem Day
Many of these holidays are found in Leviticus ch.23. Other occasions are more recent; specifically Purim (2375 years), Hanukkah (2200 years), and the fasts marking the Destruction of the Temple (Zechariah 7:3 and 8:19).The holidays begin at sunset and last until after nightfall around 25 hours later. They serve to enrich the Jewish year and to connect the people with their past.
All of these days are marked by added prayers and Torah-readings; and each has its specific observances.
Fast days:
Judaism has six yearly fasts. The fasts start shortly before dawn and end at twilight, except for Yom Kippur and Tisha B'Av which start the evening before at sunset and last for 25 hours.
Link: The destruction
The Fast of Esther commemorates the danger that the Jews were in, during the events described in the Book of Esther.
The sixth fast, Yom Kippur, is the Day of Atonement, commanded in Leviticus 23:26-32.
Each festival has its specific purpose and laws:
Reasons for the holidays:
Every one of them has as its purpose "remembering the Exodus from Egypt" (as stated in our prayers and the kiddush over wine). In addition, Passover is a Thanksgiving to God for the barley-harvest, Shavuot is a thanksgiving to God for the wheat-harvest, and Sukkot is a thanksgiving to God for the ingathering of grain.
Shavuot also celebrates the Giving of the Torah on Mount Sinai, and Sukkot commemorates God having protected us in the wilderness.
It may also be noted that it is instinctive and a moral and emotional need to celebrate in front of God every so often. This was Cain's motivation in making his offering in Genesis ch.4 without having been commanded.
Had God not given us the Torah-festivals listed above, we might instinctively seek out those of the Canaanites, which the Torah warns against (Exodus 34:15) immediately before listing the Jewish festivals (in the following verses).
Hebrew
The holy books in Judaism are the books of the Hebrew Bible.Places of worship:Jews worship in synagogues.See also:What are the Jewish Holy Books called?More about Jewish worship
The Jewish holy book is a set of 24 books called the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh. The Christian translation of these books is called "the Old Testament."These books are mostly in Hebrew, but there are a few chapters that are written in Aramaic.The original is in Hebrew, and it's been translated into almost any languageyou can name. You may even have one around the house. If so, it'll havethe title "The Old Testament".
The Jewish religion doesn't have holy men, but prayer services are sometimes led by special teachers, called Rabbis. The Hebrew word for Rabbi is Rav (רב). A rabbi may be male or female (yes there are Orthodox women rabbis) and they are not required for prayer services.
Hebrew is not a religion, it's a language. The Hebrew language is spoken in Israel. Hebrew is considered a holy language by the Jewish people.
If you are talking about the Hebrew Bible, it represents the Jewish people (although other religions such as Christianity also consider it to be holy).
Kadesh or Qadesh (קדש) means Holy. (but the English word holy doesn't come from Hebrew at all.)
The Hebrew holy books are collectively called Tanakh (×ª× ×´×š)
Judaism does not have a Holy Temple. It was destroyed in the year 70 by the Romans. In Jewish writings of today, it is simply referred to as the Temple in Jerusalem, the Holy Temple, or Beit Ha-Mikdash (Hebrew for house of holiness).
The Jewish religion doesn't have holy men, but prayer services are sometimes led by special teachers, called Rabbis. The Hebrew word for Rabbi is Rav (רב). A rabbi may be male or female (yes there are Orthodox women rabbis) and they are not required for prayer services.
the Torah- a scroll that tells the Jewish teachings
The Tanakh (Jewish Bible).