See http://www.mass.gov/Eeops/docs/dps/780%20CMR/780061.pdf
To simplify this as much as possible, an unfinished basement is a basement that is lacking the elements that would typically be seen in a finished room. These would include items like flooring, ceilings, insulation, and finished walls. Typical unfinished basements are as such quite bare, usually with the cement of the foundation making up the walls and the flooring, with the inner workings of the ceilings exposed.
The required R value for walls and roof insulation varies depending on your local building authority. The ideal R value will depend on the climate, altitude, latitude and exposure of your site and the form, amount of glazing,materials and use of the building.
R40 is probably a reference to insulation values required in the building code. Most communities have initiated specific minimums for insulation levels in new construction, different levels for walls and ceilings.
It reduces the heat loss through the ceilings of the rooms below.
good in walls, but not enough for attic./ceilings
They provide easy access to heating and plumbing.
R 13 for 3.5" wall cavities, R19 for 5.5". R30 for blown in insulation and batts in ceilings.
Because heat rises, right out the roof.
Yes, but not well. Shredded newspaper is used for thermal insulation in ceilings and walls of houses.
Thomas D Phillips has written: 'Effect of ceiling insulation upon summer comfort' -- subject(s): Insulation (Heat), Ceilings, Thermal properties
The standard home inspector's report will cover the condition of the home's heating system; central air conditioning system (temperature permitting); interior plumbing and electrical systems; the roof, attic and visible insulation; walls, ceilings, floors, windows and doors; the foundation, basement and structural components.
Thermal insulation of walls and ceilings, double or triple glazing of windows