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-(1.907±0.071)*10^-2 m^3/C
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Is Germanium Dangerous?
Available scientific evidence does not support claims that germanium supplements are effective in preventing or treating cancer in humans, and there are numerous reports showing that they may be harmful. A study conducted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported that supplements containing germanium present a potential hazard to humans. As a result, the FDA issued an "Import Alert," which allows germanium imports to be seized if they are to be used as a food supplement. However, the amount and type of germanium naturally found in foods do not appear to be toxic.Available scientific evidence does not support claims that germanium supplements promote health or increase the body's production of interferon. It also does not support the claim that germanium is an essential nutrient in animals or humans.A study conducted by the FDA found at least 31 cases of kidney failure linked to germanium products. A number of deaths have also been reported. Most of these effects were from inorganic forms of germanium, but the FDA has also found severe kidney damage in people taking germanium that was sold as organic.Because of the way it is processed, organic germanium is easily contaminated with inorganic germanium, which appears to be more toxic than the organic form. It is uncertain whether the kidney damage and other toxic effects reported in people who took organic germanium were actually caused by the supplement's contamination with inorganic germanium. Because of this problem with purity, supplements containing germanium of any sort might pose a hazard to humans.In the early 1980s, small studies were done using germanium on people with various types of cancer. In the first study, even those who received the lowest doses had toxic effects, and none of the patients got better. Later, a group of 25 patients were given spirogermanium (an organic germanium product) 3 times a week for 2 weeks. Most patients got worse, and toxic side effects were common. Because of these results-many toxic effects and little effect on the cancer-studies on spirogermanium were stopped.In 2005, researchers in Arizona started a study to find out if taking pure organic germanium (bis-carboxyethylgermanium sequioxide) might help with radiation-related fatigue. The patients, who have early stage prostate cancer or breast cancer, will be watched carefully for side effects and abnormal laboratory values. The study is still going on, and is expected to finish at the end of 2012.Germanium supplements may pose danger for humans. Several deaths have been reported in the medical literature, with serious illness in some who survived. While organic germanium appears to be less toxic than inorganic germanium, it has been reported to cause kidney damage, liver changes, and heart problems. Other reported effects include anemia, poor appetite, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, tiredness, muscle weakness, skin rashes, and numbness in the hands and feet due to nerve damage. The toxic effects build up over time and get worse the longer it is taken. Many of these effects improve after the supplement is stopped, but kidney and nerve damage persisted and became chronic for some people.Germanium may interfere with certain other medicines and may make seizures worse. Drugs for which side effects include kidney problems may be more likely to cause harm if taken with germanium. Very little testing during pregnancy has been reported, but at least one form of germanium caused ill effects on fetuses in animal tests. Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding should not take germanium. At this time, germanium is not recommended as a dietary supplement for anyone due to the potential for serious health hazards.Relying on this type of treatment alone and avoiding or delaying conventional medical care for cancer may have serious health consequences.
What are the semiconductors in the periodic table?
Semiconductors can either be intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic semiconductors are elements that are in their pure form. These will usually have positive and negative sides because the electrons migrate towards one direction. On the other hand, extrinsic semiconductors are when the conductivity (or ability to make an electric charge with the electrons) are controlled by adding other atoms. These atoms that are added are called dopants. Dopants donate or receive electrons from the semiconductor to make impure.
Is chernobly up and running since the nuclear reaction occurred?
No, that site with its four RBMK type reactors is shutdown. Chernobyl had the only RBMK type reactors in the country. Unit 4 was destroyed in the 1986 accident, unit 2 was shut down after a turbine hall fire in 1991, unit 1 was closed in 1997 and unit 3 closed at the end of 2000 due to international pressure. Ukraine does have operating reactors but they are all PWR type now.
What is the value of an Al Kaline signature?
Al Kaline single signed baseballAn Al Kaline single signed baseball is worth between $50.-$75. Value is based on average prices of recently closed auctions. Prices may vary based on condition, and the type of authenticity that accompanies the baseball. Signatures that have not been properly authenticated could sell at half the market value or less.
What is a semi metal in computer chips?
No metal is semiconductor. By definition metal is conductor. There are metalloids elements. Like silicon and germanium. They are semiconductors. There is no hard and fast definition of such elements.
What are the factors on which hall coefficient depends?
It is a characteristic of the material from which the conductor is made, and its value depends on the type, number, and properties of the charge carriers that constitute the current. so it will remain constant for a particular material.....
What type of element is germanium?
Germanium is a solid at room temperature and is a nonmetal and the call name is (Ge)
Is germanium n type semiconductor?
Pure germanium is neither n or p. When doped with impurities it can be either.
What type of bond occurs in germanium oxide?
ionic
Is germanium p type?
Only if doped that way.
What type of material is a transitor made from?
germanium or silicon crystal
What is a type of flower that sounds like an element?
Germanium
Why silicon is the more semiconductor than germanium?
Silicon is more semiconductor than Germanium because the characteristics of silicon can be easily modified to obtain either a p-type or n-type material.
What type of force does low coefficient belong to?
Friction has a low coefficient, usually less than 1.
What type of bond is present in germanium?
Germanium atoms are hold together through covalent bonds, although they have more metallic character than carbon and silicon.
How does the presence of a coefficient affect the number of atoms of each type in the formula that the coefficient precedes?
it tells you what charge the element will be
What is a type of metalloid?
Examples: germanium, selenium, tellurium, antimony, boron, silicon.
