The creation of overseas colonies was an effort by many European powers to expand their power and spheres of influence. One term to describe this is Imperialism.
The Age of Imperialism was the quest for colonial empires.
Imperialism
the act of acquiring
Imperialism.
conquest!
Benefits for Imperial Powers
The colonialists benefitted from colonial empires. They pilaged the resources of the nations they colonised and enslaved many indigenous inhabitants to work as their slaves. For example Britain colonised much of India, and robbed India of all of its natural resources.
The region now called Georgia was a battleground for colonial dominance between the Russian and Ottoman empires. This applies not just to Georgia, but to all the Caucauses.
The empires which reached their height most recently were the European colonial empires
It sound like you are talking about the European colonial empires. Britain, France, Portugal, Germany, Italy and Belgium formed empires by conquering lands in Africa, the Americas and Asia and turning them into colonies. Spain had created the oldest colonial European empire in South and Central America and the Philippines , but lost it in the 19th century.
The Stamp Act
The Arabs were able to act as merchants, conveying goods beyond the borders of the powerful empires.