Depending on where the moon is in its orbit, that angle can be anything.
For example:
-- At any New Moon, it's a couple of degrees or less.
-- During any solar eclipse, it's 1/2 degree or less.
-- During a total solar eclipse, it's zero.
-- At First Quarter or Last Quarter, it's within a degree or two of 90 degrees.
-- At Full Moon, it's within a degree or two of 180 degrees.
-- During any lunar eclipse, it's within 1/2 degree of 180 degrees.
384,403 km
More or less. There is a law of conservation of angular momentum, according to which Earth can't gain or lose angular momentum on its own - if for example it loses angular momentum, it has to go somewhere. A meteor who falls into the Earth, or a rocket leaving the Earth can change Earth's angular momentum - but the total angular momentum (e.g., of the system meteor + Earth) is the same, before and after the impact.
Laser distance ranging over the past 35 years.
Conservation of angular momentum.
Since Earth has about 4 times the diameter of the Moon, the angular diameter of Earth, as seen from the Moon, is about 4 times larger than the angular diameter of the Moon, as seen from Earth. Since the Moon's angular diameter as seen from here is about half a degree, that would make Earth's angular diameter about 2 degrees.If you wish, you can look up more exact figures and do more precise calculations, but it is hardly worth the trouble, since there is some variation in the distance from Earth to Moon anyway.
Yes, the center of mass for the earth-sun orbit lies inside the sun. This is the barycenter, by the way. And because the sun is so massive relative to earth, the barycenter of earth's orbit about our local star is not that far from the center of the sun and is actually inside of it.
More or less. There is a law of conservation of angular momentum, according to which Earth can't gain or lose angular momentum on its own - if for example it loses angular momentum, it has to go somewhere. A meteor who falls into the Earth, or a rocket leaving the Earth can change Earth's angular momentum - but the total angular momentum (e.g., of the system meteor + Earth) is the same, before and after the impact.
The layers between the Earth's surface and its center include the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the Earth's outer solid shell, followed by the mantle, which is a semi-solid layer made of rock. The outer core is a liquid layer of iron and nickel, while the inner core is a solid metallic sphere at the very center of the Earth.
Laser distance ranging over the past 35 years.
Because Venus orbits closer to the Sun than the Earth, the angle between Venus and the Sun can never reach 180 degrees (the Sun and Venus cannot be directly opposite each other, or in "Opposition", as viewed from Earth). Assuming circular orbits for Earth and Venus of 149.6 million km and 108.2 million km respectively, and that the Earth and Venus orbit in the same plane, one can use trigonometry to find that the maximum angular separation between Venus and the Sun is approximately 46.3 degrees.
Assuming that the Earth's atmosphere is a perfect sphere, then the atmosphere's center of mass will be at the point equidistant between Earth's poles (i.e. the center of the Earth!).
Gravitational force is inversally proportional to square of separation between the objects. Now, the separation is increased by 5 times, therefore the force between the objects is dropped by the factor of 1/25.Therefore, force beteen earth and object is 200/25 = 8 N.
The center of the moon is within a few thousand miles of the straight line between the center of the sun and the center of the earth.
The gravitational force between the earth and a body at the center of the earth would be 0 Newtons or 0 lbf. F=G (m1*m2)/r^2 r = zero if the center of the body is at the center of the earth
Conservation of angular momentum.
Since Earth has about 4 times the diameter of the Moon, the angular diameter of Earth, as seen from the Moon, is about 4 times larger than the angular diameter of the Moon, as seen from Earth. Since the Moon's angular diameter as seen from here is about half a degree, that would make Earth's angular diameter about 2 degrees.If you wish, you can look up more exact figures and do more precise calculations, but it is hardly worth the trouble, since there is some variation in the distance from Earth to Moon anyway.
As there is no external torque acting on it, its angular momentum remains constant. This is according to the law of conservation of angular momentum
The Earth condensed out of a rotating Solar Nebula, inheriting its angular momentum for the condensing cloud. The conservation of angular momentum allows the Earth to maintain its orbit.