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It is the flex area between the shoulder of the tread and the bead.
The wheel Flange.
main reason to use a tube is a bad bead (the seal between the tire & the wheel)
Small and big
If you are asking what holds the tire on the wheel it is called a bead on the tire. On the wheel it called the rim.
You could probably get the bead to seat, but it isn't ideal and would be more likely to break the bead when hitting potholes and such.
Bead sealer is sticky and basically glues the tire to the rim. Tire bead lube is just a lubricant used during tire installation.
I believe you are talking about tire constructions. One would be Bias or Diagonal when the body plys are at an opposite angle from each other and cross. The other would be Radial where the body cord run from one bead (where the tire is near the wheel) across the tread area and down to the other bead area. Check these sites out http://auto.howstuffworks.com/tire.htm http://www.tiresafety.com/ http://www.carbibles.com/tyre_bible.html
You will destroy the tire and harm the bead seating surface on the wheel.
Basically, the "hole" it's going into. For example, the J bead is shaped to fit into the coping that is shaped to fit a J bead. J bead is different from a regular bead. A regular bead's coping does kinda looks like a sideways U. The difference in the beads is courtesy of the manufacturers. Some just had to be different. J bead and U beads go over the wall.No coping. There are some beads called Universal beads that fit into a groove in the coping or overlap the wall. Typical above ground beading is a K bead
A cylinder bead is usually called a bugle bead.
Why do you need to know this? Do you know what J stands for? It's not the width or offset of the wheel but the profile of the kerb edge/safety bead.