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It is called an aquifer.
aquifer
An underground water-bearing permeable rock is called an aquifer. Aquifers are important sources of fresh water and are commonly used for drinking water supply and irrigation purposes.
An aquifer is a layer of permeable rock that contains water. It usually conducts groundwater and supplies the water for wells and springs.
The point on Earth's surface where water enters an aquifer is called a recharge zone. This is typically an area where water can percolate through the soil and infiltrate the aquifer layer beneath. Recharge zones are important for replenishing groundwater supplies.
Aquifer is the rock layer. More generally, it could be any permeable rock though, i.e. rock which through which water can pass either via a network of spaces between particles or along bedding planes, cracks, and fissures. Permeable rocks can become saturated. Examples of permeable rocks include limestone (which is heavily jointed) and chalk (porous).
An aquifer transmits ground water freely.
The top level of groundwater in an aquifer is called the water table.
an aquifer
Aquifer recharge occurs when surface water permeates through the pervious layers of soil to an impervious layer below the surface soil layers. This impervious layer may be clay or stone. Alternately the water may gain access to the aquifer when the bottom of a river of lake is connected to a porous zone which is either an aquifer or connects to an aquifer. These points of access to the quaifer are called recharge zones. Aquifers often low downwards along the gradient of the impervious zone and may, at some point, pass below other impervious zones and become unaffected by other water additions from the surface. Aquifers which do not flow are called perched and can dry up if water is removed from them and they have no source of recharge.
When the pressure of rock layers pushes water from an aquifer up to the Earth's surface, it is called artesian flow. This natural process occurs when there is enough pressure in the aquifer to force the water upward through a well or borehole without the need for a pump.
Water in rocks (or other porous material) below the ground is called ground water.