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In his 1960 book "The Human Side of Enterprise", Douglas Mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. those two theories r: theory X n theory Y.
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x= people are lazy and must be motivated and closely supervised Y= people want to do a good job, try to avoid doing things thad kill that motivation. A theory X manager with theory Y subordinates will soon beat the motivation out of them, thus proving to himself that he was right all along. A theory Y manager will eventually figure out that a theory X subordinate thinks all people are lazy because that subordinate is lazy himself. Thus, teams are best structured with all X of all Y types. The Y teams will consistently outperform the X teams.
The McGregor's theory x implies that workers need close supervision because they are not self motivated by nature. The theory y implies that there is no need for close supervision because employees can generally motivate themselves to meet targets.
The assumption that Theory X and Theory Y about workers influences management styles. The assumptions of these two theories differ from employee motivation as well as satisfying employees' needs.
x assumes employees are unmotivated etc and have to be handled with severity like prison inmates Y assumes employees want to be productive, helpful and creative and can be managed to maximize these efforts. A theory X manager will soon beat the motivation out of a theory Y worker, thus proving to himself that X was right all along. A theory Y manager will eventually figure out that a theory X worker believes people are unmotivated because the worker himself is unmotivated. Thus, it is better for work teams to be all X or all Y. Given that, the Y teams will out produce the X teams.
Theory X Y is theories that help managers to better understand the behaviors of the employees.
Theory X is the traditional theory of human behavior. According to this theory, workers are inherently lazy, passive and unambitious. Therefore there is a need for control and direction over workers. People at work are to follow the directives of the management and cannot suggest what they think to be correct. Theory Y represents democratic approach. Theory Y indicates the individual and organisation both and highlights the need for improving and utilising inner motivation.
Douglas MacGregor developed the XY theory, based on human motivation. X pertains to authoritive personality, while Y addresses participative management.
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I*I = x*x + y*y + z*z - t*t
example of theory X is the toyota company example of theory Y is Google company Ashraf