It definitely depends on the type of computer that you are using. A Mac charger can cost up to $120, while a Dell charger may only cost up to $50. The prices are quite variable so it's difficult to say what the average price would be.
The average cost of laptop power adapters is about $80 to $100 USD. You can find more affordable power adapters, but the quality and life span will not be as good.
That's good. Means the new one can provide more power.
No. Two reasons.... It is a much higher voltage (30V) and will destroy your laptop. Even if the Volts were correct (19), the Amps aren't sufficient... The original can output much more than the replacement. If the laptop needs 3.42A (which it likely does) a 2.5A just isn't going to have enough umph to power it.
A power adapter (sometimes also referred to as a power supply) is used to supply power to a range of devices. The power is taking from the mains electricity and transferred using the adapter to the device, such as a laptop.
Every laptop is different. If you unplug your AC power adapter from the laptop and it start it up, then your battery is doing the work. If you want to check the opposite, remove the battery and make sure the AC power adapter is plugged in properly and start it up. If your laptop starts up from one form of power but not the other, either your connection is bad or the hardware itself (ex. battery or AC power adapter) is faulty.
Direct current
As long as your laptop power cord has a USB adapter or attachment on the end, yes.
Laptop power supplies can certainly be purchased separately. If you lost only a detachable cord it is an inexpensive replacement, but if you lost a cord including the pwoer adapter "brick" it is more expensive.
The power adapter need 230v, 50Hz supply
DELL AC Adapters are manufactured with ID chips. The Laptop communicates with the AC adapter to find out the type and power rating. When the AC power adapter doesn't answer it doesn't charge the laptop battery. See the related link below for a full explanation of the problem.
Your power adapter has failed, or power adapter connector failed, or charging circuit failed.
It depends on which Garmen power adapter is being used. Generally it does work, but each laptop manufacturer makes available a list of specific adapters models, that would work with their products.