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Binding energy is found by multiplying the mass defect by the speed of light squared. (Binding energy = ΔM * c²) (Speed of light = 3 * 10^8 m/s)

Carbon 12 has an Atomic Mass of exactly 12.000 u. It contains 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

Mass of 1 proton = 1.0073 u

Mass of 1 neutron = 1.0087 u

Mass of 1 electron = 5.5 * 10^-4 u

Therefore the mass of the parts of Carbon 12 is:

M = 6(1.0073 u) + 6(1.0087 u) + 6(5.5 * 10^-4 u) = 12.0993 u

This makes the Mass Defect (ΔM) = 12.0993 u - 12.000 u = 0.0993 u.

Assuming you want the Binding Energy in Joules (1 J = 1 kg * m² / s²), you will want to change u to kg.

ΔM = 0.0993 u * (1.66 * 10^-27 kg/u) = 1.6484 * 10^-28 kg

Now, plug the numbers into the equation to find Binding Energy:

Binding Energy = (1.6484 * 10^-28 kg) * (3 * 10^8 m/s)²

= 1.4835 * 10^-11 kg m² / s²

= 1.4835 * 10^-11 J

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