Yes.
.38 Special, yes. Other .38 cartridges (such as the .38 Long Colt or .38 Super), no.
No, you can not shoot a 32 bullet out of a 38 gun. You should always make sure that you have the proper ammunition before you shoot your gun so that you are safe while shooting.
Not reliably. The 9mm bullet is a bit smaller in diameter than a .38, and the cartridge has no rim- it will push into the cylinder. Brass is also likely to split if it DOES fire.
yes, but not too often in a light weight 38 revolver.
Possible that you mean a .38 Spl +P. That is a .38 Special revolver cartridge that is loaded to a higher energy than standard.
Close, but no. A .38 Special fires a .357 inch diameter bullet, 9mm Parabellum fires a slightly smaller bullet, but with more force. The .38 is a rimmed revolver cartridge, and the 9mm is a rimless automatic pistol cartridge.
It depends on several factors, but a good rule of thumb is "about a mile."
38 auto
A bullet that has left the barrel has marks left from its travel down the barrel.
Depending on bullet weight and powder, 650-1000 fps or more.
100-425 USD