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What is the centralized directory database in the domain model SAM?
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
the centralized directory database in the domain model
is NTDS.DIT(directory information tree)
but for the local sstem not connected to domain is SAM
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Wiki User
∙ 14y agoActive Directory
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In the domain security model what are accounts stored in the domain database called?
NTDS.DIT the account information is stored
To provide fault tolerance active directory utilizes what replication model?
RODC (Read-Only Domain Controller)
What master database contains definitions of all objects in the Active Directory?
The NTDS.DIT This is the main AD database. NTDS stands for NT Directory Services. The DIT stands for Directory Information Tree. The Ntds.dit file on a particular domain controller contains all naming contexts hosted by that domain controller, including the Configuration and Schema naming contexts. A Global Catalog server stores the partial naming context replicas in the Ntds.dit right along with the full Domain naming context for its domain. Windows 2000 Active Directory data store, the actual database file, is %SystemRoot%\ntds\NTDS.DIT. The ntds.dit file is the heart of Active Directory including user accounts. Active Directory's database engine is the Extensible Storage Engine ( ESE ) which is based on the Jet database used by Exchange 5.5 and WINS. The ESE has the capability to grow to 16 terabytes which would be large enough for 10 million objects. Back to the real world. Only the Jet database can maniuplate information within the AD datastore. For information on domain controller configuration to optimize Active Directory, see Optimize Active Directory Disk Performance The Active Directory ESE database, NTDS.DIT, consists of the following tables: * Schema table the types of objects that can be created in the Active Directory, relationships between them, and the optional and mandatory attributes on each type of object. This table is fairly static and much smaller than the data table. * Link table contains linked attributes, which contain values referring to other objects in the Active Directory. Take the MemberOf attribute on a user object. That attribute contains values that reference groups to which the user belongs. This is also far smaller than the data table. * Data table users, groups, application-specific data, and any other data stored in the Active Directory. The data table can be thought of as having rows where each row represents an instance of an object such as a user, and columns where each column represents an attribute in the schema such as GivenName. From a different perspective, Active Directory has three types of data * Schema information definitional details about objects and attributes that one CAN store in the AD. Replicates to all domain controllers. Static in nature. * Configuration information configuration data about forest and trees. Replicates to all domain controllers. Static as your forest is. * Domain information object information for a domain. Replicates to all domain controllers within a domain. The object portion becomes part of Global Catalog. The attribute values (the actual bulk of data) only replicates within the domain. Although GUIDs are unique, they are large. AD uses distinguished name tag ( DNT ). DNT is a 4-byte DWORD value which is incremented when a new object is created in the store. The DNT represents the object's database row number. It is an example of a fixed column. Each object's parent relationship is stored as a parent distinguished name tag ( PDNT ). Resolution of parent-child relationships is optimized because the DNT and PDNT are indexed fields in the database. For more technical info on the AD datastore and its organization, a good starting point is the Active Directory Database Sizing document. The size of ntds.dit will often be different sizes across the domain controllers in a domain. Remember that Active Directory is a multi-master independent model where updates are occuring in each of the ADs with the changes being replicated over time to the other domain controllers. The changed data is replicated between domain controllers, not the database, so there is no guarantee that the files are going to be the same size across all domain controllers.
Which rodcs do not participate?
One of the new features receiving close attention in Windows 2008 is a new breed of domain controllers referred to as Read-Only Domain Controllers, also known as RODCs. The RODC hosts a copy of the Active Directory (AD) database like any other writable domain controller, but as its name implies, the contents replica of the domain database residing on the domain controller is read-only and write operations are not supported. It is equally important to mention that the RODCs do not participate in Active directory replication in the same fashion as writable domain controllers. The fundamental difference between RODC replication and the typical multimaster replication model between writable domain controllers is that RODCs replication is unidirectional. This means all changes from a writable domain controller are propagated to the RODCs. As a result, the RODC receives changes, but does not partake in or perform outbound replication with other domain controllers.
Which dns solution supports secure dynamic dns?
The Active directory integrated zone helps to to secure dns and gives dynamic updates of DNS in the domain. When you install Active Directory on a server, you promote the server to the role of a domain controller for a specified domain. When completing this process, you are prompted to specify a DNS domain name for the Active Directory domain for which you are joining and promoting the server. If during this process, a DNS server authoritative for the domain that you specified either cannot be located on the network or does not support the DNS dynamic update protocol, you are prompted with the option to install a DNS server. This option is provided because a DNS server is required to locate this server or other domain controllers for members of an Active Directory domain. Once you have installed Active Directory, you have two options for storing and replicating your zones when operating the DNS server at the new domain controller: * Standard zone storage, using a text-based file. Zones stored this way are located in .Dns files that are stored in the systemroot\System32\Dns folder on each computer operating a DNS server. Zone file names correspond to the name you choose for the zone when creating it, such as abc.com.dns if the zone name was "abc.com." * Directory-integrated zone storage, using the Active Directory database. Zones stored this way are located in the Active Directory tree under the domain or application directory partition. Each directory-integrated zone is stored in a dnsZone container object identified by the name you choose for the zone when creating it. Benefits of Active Directory integration For networks deploying DNS to support Active Directory, directory-integrated primary zones are strongly recommended and provide the following benefits: * Multimaster update and enhanced security based on the capabilities of Active Directory. In a standard zone storage model, DNS updates are conducted based upon a single-master update model. In this model, a single authoritative DNS server for a zone is designated as the primary source for the zone. This server maintains the master copy of the zone in a local file. With this model, the primary server for the zone represents a single fixed point of failure. If this server is not available, update requests from DNS clients are not processed for the zone. With directory-integrated storage, dynamic updates to DNS are conducted based upon a multimaster update model. In this model, any authoritative DNS server, such as a domain controller running a DNS server, is designated as a primary source for the zone. Because the master copy of the zone is maintained in the Active Directory database, which is fully replicated to all domain controllers, the zone can be updated by the DNS servers operating at any domain controller for the domain. With the multimaster update model of Active Directory, any of the primary servers for the directory-integrated zone can process requests from DNS clients to update the zone as long as a domain controller is available and reachable on the network. Also, when using directory-integrated zones, you can use access control list (ACL) editing to secure a dnsZone object container in the directory tree. This feature provides granulated access to either the zone or a specified RR in the zone. For example, an ACL for a zone RR can be restricted so that dynamic updates are only allowed for a specified client computer or a secure group such as a domain administrators group. This security feature is not available with standard primary zones. Note that when you change the zone type to be directory-integrated, the default for updating the zone changes to allow only secure updates. Also, while you may use ACLs on DNS-related Active Directory objects, ACLs may only be applied to the DNS client service. * Zones are replicated and synchronized to new domain controllers automatically whenever a new one is added to an Active Directory domain. Although DNS service can be selectively removed from a domain controller, directory-integrated zones are already stored at each domain controller, so zone storage and management is not an additional resource. Also, the methods used to synchronize directory-stored information offer performance improvement over standard zone update methods, which can potentially require transfer of the entire zone. * By integrating storage of your DNS zone databases in Active Directory, you can streamline database replication planning for your network. When your DNS namespace and Active Directory domains are stored and replicated separately, you need to plan and potentially administer each separately. For example, when using standard DNS zone storage and Active Directory together, you would need to design, implement, test, and maintain two different database replication topologies. For example, one replication topology is needed for replicating directory data between domain controllers, and another topology would be needed for replicating zone databases between DNS servers. This can create additional administrative complexity for planning and designing your network and allowing for its eventual growth. By integrating DNS storage, you unify storage management and replication issues for both DNS and Active Directory, merging and viewing them together as a single administrative entity. * Directory replication is faster and more efficient than standard DNS replication. Because Active Directory replication processing is performed on a per-property basis, only relevant changes are propagated. This allows less data to be used and submitted in updates for directory-stored zones.
Why is dns a requirement for active directory to work?
DNS is extremely important to all aspects of proper Active Directory operation. Any time a client makes a request for a domain service, it must find a domain controller to service that request, which is where DNS comes in to play.There are two types of DNS queries: recursive and iterative.When a DNS client requests DNS information, it uses a recursive query to do so.In a recursive query, the DNS client sends its query to the first DNS server that it has been configured for in its TCP/IP configuration. It then sits and waits for the server to return an answer. If the server returns a positive response, the client will then go to the IP address returned by the server.
What dns solution supports secure dynamic dns?
Active Directory-Integrated DNS Active Directory-integrated DNS enables Active Directory storage and replication of DNS zone databases. Windows 2000 DNS server, the DNS server that is included with Windows 2000 Server, accommodates storing zone data in Active Directory. When you configure a computer as a DNS server, zones are usually stored as text files on name servers - that is, all of the zones required by DNS are stored in a text file on the server computer. These text files must be synchronized among DNS name servers by using a system that requires a separate replication topology and schedule called a zone transfer However, if you use Active Directory-integrated DNS when you configure a domain controller as a DNS name server, zone data is stored as an Active Directory object and is replicated as part of domain replication. note-icon Note Only DNS servers that run on domain controllers can load Active Directory-integrated zones. To use DNS integration within Active Directory, assign the zone type Active Directory-integrated when you create the zone.Objects that represent zone database records are created in the Microsoft DNS container within the System container (visible in the Advanced Features view in Active Directory Users and Computers), and the contents are replicated to all domain controllers in the domain. When you have Active Directory-integrated DNS zones, all Active Directory domain controllers that run Windows 2000 DNS server and are appropriately configured function as primary name servers. When DNS data is stored in Active Directory, each DNS zone is an Active Directory container object (class dnsZone ). The dnsZone object contains a DNS node object (class dnsNode ) for every unique name within that zone. These unique names include the variations assigned to a specific host computer when it functions, for example, as a primary domain controller or as a Global Catalog server. The dnsNode object has a dnsRecord multivalue attribute that contains a value for every resource record that is associated with an object's name. When other non-Windows 2000 DNS servers are already in place and Active Directory domains represent only part of the overall DNS namespace, standard zone transfer still can be used to synchronize zone data between Active Directory and other DNS servers When Windows 2000 DNS server is installed on at least one domain controller and has Active Directory-integrated zones, the zone data is always replicated to every domain controller in the domain. How DNS integrates with Active Directory When you install Active Directory on a server, you promote the server to the role of a domain controller for a specified domain. When completing this process, you are prompted to specify a DNS domain name for the Active Directory domain for which you are joining and promoting the server. If during this process, a DNS server authoritative for the domain that you specified either cannot be located on the network or does not support the DNS dynamic update protocol, you are prompted with the option to install a DNS server. This option is provided because a DNS server is required to locate this server or other domain controllers for members of an Active Directory domain. Once you have installed Active Directory, you have two options for storing and replicating your zones when operating the DNS server at the new domain controller: * Standard zone storage, using a text-based file. Zones stored this way are located in .Dns files that are stored in the systemroot\System32\Dns folder on each computer operating a DNS server. Zone file names correspond to the name you choose for the zone when creating it, such as abc.com.dns if the zone name was "abc.com." * Directory-integrated zone storage, using the Active Directory database. Zones stored this way are located in the Active Directory tree under the domain or application directory partition. Each directory-integrated zone is stored in a dnsZone container object identified by the name you choose for the zone when creating it. Benefits of Active Directory integration For networks deploying DNS to support Active Directory, directory-integrated primary zones are strongly recommended and provide the following benefits: * Multimaster update and enhanced security based on the capabilities of Active Directory. In a standard zone storage model, DNS updates are conducted based upon a single-master update model. In this model, a single authoritative DNS server for a zone is designated as the primary source for the zone. This server maintains the master copy of the zone in a local file. With this model, the primary server for the zone represents a single fixed point of failure. If this server is not available, update requests from DNS clients are not processed for the zone. With directory-integrated storage, dynamic updates to DNS are conducted based upon a multimaster update model. In this model, any authoritative DNS server, such as a domain controller running a DNS server, is designated as a primary source for the zone. Because the master copy of the zone is maintained in the Active Directory database, which is fully replicated to all domain controllers, the zone can be updated by the DNS servers operating at any domain controller for the domain. With the multimaster update model of Active Directory, any of the primary servers for the directory-integrated zone can process requests from DNS clients to update the zone as long as a domain controller is available and reachable on the network. Also, when using directory-integrated zones, you can use access control list (ACL) editing to secure a dnsZone object container in the directory tree. This feature provides granulated access to either the zone or a specified RR in the zone. For example, an ACL for a zone RR can be restricted so that dynamic updates are only allowed for a specified client computer or a secure group such as a domain administrators group. This security feature is not available with standard primary zones. Note that when you change the zone type to be directory-integrated, the default for updating the zone changes to allow only secure updates. Also, while you may use ACLs on DNS-related Active Directory objects, ACLs may only be applied to the DNS client service. * Zones are replicated and synchronized to new domain controllers automatically whenever a new one is added to an Active Directory domain. Although DNS service can be selectively removed from a domain controller, directory-integrated zones are already stored at each domain controller, so zone storage and management is not an additional resource. Also, the methods used to synchronize directory-stored information offer performance improvement over standard zone update methods, which can potentially require transfer of the entire zone. * By integrating storage of your DNS zone databases in Active Directory, you can streamline database replication planning for your network. When your DNS namespace and Active Directory domains are stored and replicated separately, you need to plan and potentially administer each separately. For example, when using standard DNS zone storage and Active Directory together, you would need to design, implement, test, and maintain two different database replication topologies. For example, one replication topology is needed for replicating directory data between domain controllers, and another topology would be needed for replicating zone databases between DNS servers. This can create additional administrative complexity for planning and designing your network and allowing for its eventual growth. By integrating DNS storage, you unify storage management and replication issues for both DNS and Active Directory, merging and viewing them together as a single administrative entity. * Directory replication is faster and more efficient than standard DNS replication. Because Active Directory replication processing is performed on a per-property basis, only relevant changes are propagated. This allows less data to be used and submitted in updates for directory-stored zones.
When was Fashion Model Directory created?
Fashion Model Directory was created in 2000.
What is the most popular database model?
Relational Database Model
What are the Properties of relational database model?
relational database model
What is a read only domain controller Or RODC?
One of the new features receiving close attention in Windows 2008 is a new breed of domain controllers referred to as Read-Only Domain Controllers, also known as RODCs. The RODC hosts a copy of the Active Directory (AD) database like any other writable domain controller, but as its name implies, the contents replica of the domain database residing on the domain controller is read-only and write operations are not supported. It is equally important to mention that the RODCs do not participate in Active directory replication in the same fashion as writable domain controllers. The fundamental difference between RODC replication and the typical multimaster replication model between writable domain controllers is that RODCs replication is unidirectional. This means all changes from a writable domain controller are propagated to the RODCs. As a result, the RODC receives changes, but does not partake in or perform outbound replication with other domain controllers. Read-only domain controllers (RODCs) in Active Directory, intended for use in branch office or other scenarios where a domain controller may reside in a low physical security environment. The RODC holds a non-writeable copy of Active Directory, and redirects all write attempts to a Full Domain Controller. It replicates all accounts except sensitive ones.In RODC mode, credentials are not cached by default. Moreover, only the replication partner of the RODC needs to run Windows Server 2008. Also, local administrators can log on to the machine to perform maintenance tasks without requiring administrative rights on the domain.
Define the Domain term in the context of Relational Model?
Definition: The domain of a database attribute is the set of all allowable values that attribute may assume.Examples: A field for gender may have the domain {male, female, unknown} where those three values are the only permitted entries in that column.
