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What is the correct developmental order of Reticulocyte proerythroblast normoblast late erythroblast?
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What is the correct order of Reticulocyte proerythroblast normoblast late erythroblast?
Proerythroblast, erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte
Which is the correct sequence for differentiation of a red blood cell?
hematopoietic stem cell, erythroblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte
If you have heart problems can you take lipozene?
In the process of red blood cell maturation, a cell undergoes a series of differentiations. The following stages 1-7 of development all occur within the bone marrow: hemocytoblast a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell Common Myloid Progenitor multipotent stem cell unipotent stem cell pronormoblast also commonly called proerythroblast or rubriblast. basophilic normoblast/early normoblast also commonly called erythroblast polychromatophilic normoblast/intermediate normoblast orthochromatic normoblast/late normoblast - Nucleus is Expelled before becoming a reticulocyte reticulocyte
What is the process of red blood cell formation?
basophilic drythroblast normoblast reticulocyte
Where are Normoblast cells found in the body?
in bone marrow
What is the stage of development in the life of an erythrocyte during which the nucleus is ejected?
Normoblast
How an immature sperm is called?
blastocyteBlast/o- (immature cell)-cyte (cell)the question is: what is a normal immature cell called?norm/o- (normal, usual)-blast (immature cell)The correct word is: Normoblast
Describe the stages of erythropoiesis?
ERYTHROPOIESISDefinition: It is the process of formation of red blood corpuscles or erythrocytes in the human bodySite of formation:Foetus: (early stages) Mesodermal cells of yolk sacAdult: Mainly in bone marrowStages: The different stages of erythropoiesis are as follows:a) Production of RBC at developmental stage:I) Mesoblast Stage: From 3rd week of intrauterine life, RBC is produced by mesodermal cells of the yolk sacII) Hepatic Stage: From 5th month of intrauterine life, Rbc production is taken over by liver and spleen. This stage lasts upto last trimester.III) Myeloid Stage: After birth, red bone marrow of all bones start RBC production. After 20 years of age, RBC production is restricted to ends of long bones and membranous bones since red marrow is replaced by yellow marrow.A) Genesis of Blood cells:Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells(PHSC): These are primitive stem cells present in the bone marrow which can produce all types of blood cells - RBC, WBC and platelets as well as PHSC themselves.Commited Stem cells: These are also known as progenitor stem cells, formed from PHSC and are of two types----i) Committed stem cells of myeloid series (CFU-S & CFU-B)-They differeniate into RBC, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophl, plateletsii) Committed stem cells of lymphocyte series (LSC)- They differentiate into T- and B- lymphocytes.Factors controlling:a) Growth inducers: Interleukin-3b) Differentiation inducersB) Stages of Differentiation of RBC (Schematic):Proerythroblast: Large cells, 15-20 micron in diameter, large nucleus with 2-3 nucleolus, cytoplasm very less and basophilic with perinuclear halo and sometimes forms 'ear-sahped" bulges, nuclear chromatin is non-homogeneousEarly Normoblast: Slightly smaller cells, 12-17 micron in diameter, reduction of nuclear size, disappearence of nucleolus, cytoplasm is moderately basophilicwith high protein and RNA content, condensation of chromosomes occur.Intermediate normoblast:Diameter of cells is 12-15 micron, nuclear size is further reduced having a "cart-wheel" appearance, chromosomes are further condensed, cell division stops totally, cytoplasm is polychromatophillic, appearance of hemoglobin takes place.Late normoblast: Cells are reduced in size with 8-12 micron diameter, "ink-spot" nucleus and finally disappears,increase of hemoglobin amount, cytoplasm or pyknotic becomes acidophilic.Reticulocyte: Size of cells are 8 micron in diameter, formation of highly branched pattern by remains of mitochondria, ER, ribosomal RNA -hence named as reticulocyte.Erythrocyte:Mature RBC with 7.2 micron in diameter,biconcave shape,absence of nucleus,high hemoglobin content makes the cells typicaly pink red in color.
Do erythrocytes have nuclei?
They did have a nucleus . When they are formed in the bone-marrow, they contain a nucleus, but when the become mature it is replaced by haemoglobin in order to carry more oxygen. By- Pranjal Prasoon
Where is haemoglobin produced?
Haemoglobin (HB) is synthesised by the erythroid cells of the red bone marrow. HB is first seen at the state of internediate normoblast. Four molecules of prophobinlinogen combine and after some further changes protoprophynin is formed. Protoprophynin now incorporates with iron atoms to become haem. 4 heam molecules combine with one globin molecule to form one molecule of haemoglobin.
Blood smear?
DefinitionA blood smear is a blood test that gives information about the number and shape of blood cells.Alternative NamesPeripheral smearHow the test is performedBlood is typically drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm.Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.The blood sample is sent to a lab, where the health care professional looks at it under a microscope. Or, the blood may be examined by an automated machine. The smear shows the number and kinds of white blood cells (differential), abnormally shaped blood cells, and gives a rough estimate of white blood cell and platelet counts.How to prepare for the testNo special preparation is necessary.How the test will feelWhen the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.Why the test is performedThis test may be performed as part of a general health exam to help diagnose many illnesses. Or, your doctor may order this test if you have signs of a blood disorder.Other conditions under which the test may be performed:Any known or suspected blood disorderCancerHairy cell leukemiaHemoglobinopathiesMonitoring the side effects of chemotherapyNormal ValuesRed blood cells normally are the same in size and color and have a lighter-colored area in the center. The blood smear is considered normal if there is:Normal appearance of cellsNormal white blood cell differentialNormal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.What abnormal results meanAbnormal results mean there is an abnormality in the size, shape, color, or coating of the red blood cells.Some abnormalities may be graded on a 4-point scale:1+ means 25% of cells are affected2+ means half of cells are affected3+ means 75% of cells are affected4+ means all of the cells are affectedThe presence of target cells may be due to:Decreased osmotic fragilityDeficiency of an enzyme called lecithin cholesterol acyl transferaseHemoglobinabnormalities (hemoglobinopathies)Iron deficiencyLiver diseaseSpleen removalThalassemiaThe presence of sphere-shaped cells (spherocytes) may be due to:Autoimmune hemolytic anemiaHereditary spherocytosisIncreased osmotic fragilityThe presence of elliptocytes may be a sign of hereditary elliptocytosisor hereditary ovalocytosis.The presence of fragmented cells (schistocytes) may be due to:Artificial heart valveDisseminated intravascular coagulationHemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)Microangiopathic hemolytic anemiaThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)The presence of a type of immature red blood cell called a normoblast may be due to:Cancer that has spread to bone marrowErythroblastosis fetalisLeukoerythroblastic anemia (myelophthisis process)Miliary tuberculosisMyelofibrosisRemoval of spleenSevere hemolysisThalassemiaThe presence of burr cells (echinocytes) may indicate:UremiaThe presence of spur cells (acanthocytes) may indicate:AbetalipoproteinemiaSevere liver diseaseThe presence of teardrop-shaped cells may indicate:Leukoerythroblastic anemiaMyelofibrosisSevere iron deficiencyThalassemiamajorThe presence of Howell-Jolly bodies may indicate:MyelodysplasiaPost-splenectomySickle cell anemiaThe presence of Heinz bodies may indicate:Alpha thalassemiaCongenital hemolytic anemiaG6PD deficiencyUnstable form of hemoglobinThe presence of slightly immature red blood cells (reticulocytes) may indicate:Anemia with bone marrow recoveryHemolytic anemiaHemorrhageThe presence of basophilic stippling may indicate:Lead poisoningMyelofibrosisMyelophthisic processThe presence of sickle cells may indicate sickle cell anemia.What the risks areVeins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:Excessive bleedingFainting or feeling light-headedHematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)Special considerationsThe accuracy of this test depends, in part, on the experience of the person looking at the sample. Experienced cell examiners can get a lot of information from the blood smear.ReferencesNewland J. The peripheral blood smear. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 161.Reviewed ByReview Date: 02/09/2010David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
