Someone who is Jewish.
Jewish tradition identifies a person as a Jew if they were born to a Jewish mother or if they converted to Judaism. Conversion is not entirely personal. The convert must be accepted by a rabbinic court of 3 judges, a beit din. An apostate, that is, a Jew who practices some other religion, is still a Jew but is traditionally excluded from the community until they repent. These rules continue to be applied by all branches of modern Judaism, although the Reform movement also considers the child of a Jewish father to be Jewish, on the condition that that child is raised as a Jew within a Jewish community.
Jewish law specifies that a Jew is a person who was born to a Jewish woman or who has converted to Judaism as per Jewish law.
A conservative Jew describes a person of Jewish faith who abides by some requirements of Mosaic law but adapts others for modern circumstances. They're flexible in some sense.
Jews are not 'Christians' because if they were, they would be known as 'Christians', and not as 'Jews'. To put it in other words: As a 'Jew', the individual is, by definition, a 'Jew' and not a 'Christian'. Were that individual to become a 'Christian', he would then no longer be a 'Jew'. By the same token, my Aunt is not a bicycle, and my dogs are not watermelons.
Jews have been called by several names throughout History. The words for Jew* came in this order:HebrewIsraeliteJew**I'm using the modern definition of Jew as someone who practices Judaism, and not the classical definition which is someone who is descended from the tribe of Judah.
One of the biggest conflicts today is the controversy over definition of who is considered a Jew.
In Jewish tradition, a person is Jewish when their mother is a Jew. However, Nazi Germany had a different definition: if any of your four grandparents was Jewish, by their standards you were also considered a Jew. If you were considered a Jew by the Nazi Germans, then you would be subject to numerous dehumanizing laws as well as the ultimate genocide faced by the Jews of Europe during Nazi power.
Israel's law of return guarantees citizenship to all Jews. (There are issues and debates about the definition of who is a Jew, and how you prove you are Jewish.)
A "Constructional Jew" is a Jew who's constructed to be a Jew.
symbols only serve to reinforce the issues of what they stand for. By definition a symbol is only representative.
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