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Short answer: Just a few amino acids... Better answer: Antibodies are Y-shaped glycoproteins. The two arms are the antigen-binding fragments (Fab) while the base is the crystalizable fragment (Fc). Fab and Fc are linked by the hinge region. Fab and Fab' are generated by proteolytic cleavage of whole antibodies. Papain cleaves antibodies in the hinge region N-terminal to the interheavy chain disulfide bonds leaving two Fab and a Fc. Pepsin cleave C-terminal to the first S-S bridge therefore Fab remain bonded as F(ab')2. Mild reduction with DTT for example releases the two Fab'. Ig ---(papain)---> 2x Fab + Fc Ig ---(pepsin)---> F(ab')2 + Fc ; F(ab')2 ---(DTT)---> 2x Fab' The heavy chain of Fab' is just a few amino acids longer at the C-terminal end (including a cysteine) than Fab heavy chain.
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What is a name for a group of five things?
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