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The way that toxic materials are defined is by how well they kill rats. This is called the "Median Lethal Dose" or LD50. It is usually expressed as "LD50, Oral, Rat" meaning that the subjects were specially bred, white, Norway rats and the dose was given by mouth. The dose is presented as milligrams per kilogram of rat.
- The U.S. EPA and OSHA define a toxin as a substance that has an LD50 of 500 mg/Kg or less. Acutely toxic materials have an LD50 of 50 mg/Kg or less.
- The U.S. DOT defines poison as a substance with an LD50 of 200 mg/kg or less.
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