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We know its value at a distances of 6378 km from the centre, that is where most of us are. It is an inverse-square force, so to experience 1/145th of the force you have to go to sqrt(145) times further away, which is a distance of 76,800 km.

The force acting on the Moon is 1/3500 of what it is on the Earth's surface, which is why the Moon accelerates towards us at 2.8 mm/sec^2. But that is combined with a sideways velocity of 1 km/sec so it never hits us, it just keeps on going round in circles.

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Q: What is the distance from the Earth's center to a point outside the Earth where the gravitational acceleration due to the Earth is 145 of its value at the Earth's surface?
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I assume you mean, of the gravitational field? The gravitational field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. At a distance of 1 Earth radius, the distance from the center of the Earth is twice the distance at the Earth's surface; thus, the field strength is 1/4 what it is on the surface. If at the surface the field strength is about 9.8 meters per second square, divide that by 4 to get the field strength at a distance of one Earth radius from the surface.I assume you mean, of the gravitational field? The gravitational field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. At a distance of 1 Earth radius, the distance from the center of the Earth is twice the distance at the Earth's surface; thus, the field strength is 1/4 what it is on the surface. If at the surface the field strength is about 9.8 meters per second square, divide that by 4 to get the field strength at a distance of one Earth radius from the surface.I assume you mean, of the gravitational field? The gravitational field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. At a distance of 1 Earth radius, the distance from the center of the Earth is twice the distance at the Earth's surface; thus, the field strength is 1/4 what it is on the surface. If at the surface the field strength is about 9.8 meters per second square, divide that by 4 to get the field strength at a distance of one Earth radius from the surface.I assume you mean, of the gravitational field? The gravitational field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. At a distance of 1 Earth radius, the distance from the center of the Earth is twice the distance at the Earth's surface; thus, the field strength is 1/4 what it is on the surface. If at the surface the field strength is about 9.8 meters per second square, divide that by 4 to get the field strength at a distance of one Earth radius from the surface.