Duration varies slightly from country to country, but all members of the World Trade Organization must have these terms at a minimum:
Some countries have extended the duration of protection; the US, for example, protects works (including film and Photography) for the life of the author plus seventy years.
First, the author generally retains the copyright unless other agreements are made. Second, the duration of copyright protection is based on the death year of the author.
The reason copyright protection has a limited duration is so that works will eventually be added to the common, so everyone can benefit from them. In the US, copyright term is limited by the Constitution.
Copyright can be bought, sold, or transferred at any time during its duration.
If the photograph is copyrighted then the copyright owner has the exclusive right to make derivative works, including drawings or paintings of any recognizable portion of the original photograph. Copyright duration of works produced prior to 1977 is discussed under "Duration of copyrights".
"Life plus 20 years" refers to the duration of copyright protection, which lasts for the life of the creator plus an additional 20 years after their death. This means that the copyright on a work remains in effect for 20 years after the creator passes away.
The Copyright Act 1994 is still in effect, although it was significantly updated by the Copyright (New Technologies) Amendment Act 2008. The duration of protection under the act varies slightly by the type of work, but is generally the life of the creator plus 50 years. See the link below for details.
Works in Canada are protected for the life of the author plus 50 years.
Works are protected for the life of the author plus 50 years.
Under current US law copyright protection extends through the life of the author and to the end of the calendar year 70 years past the authors death.
An anonymous work that is registered with the US Copyright office will receive the same protection as as any other work. It's duration will vary depending on if the author reveals and verifies his or her identity. It the author remains anonymous, the duration will last 95 years from the initial publication or 120 years from the creation of the work according to 17 U.S.C §302(c). If the author does reveal and verify their identity the copyright duration will be the life of the author plus 70 years.
Copyright law and the duration of copyright, varies somewhat from country to country. International treaties set a duration of the life of the creator plus 50 years. In the US it is life plus 70 years. There are different terms for works made for hire - that is, by an employee of a firm. Copyright law applies to photographs as well as written works, regardless of the purpose or use of the item. Because copyright law has changed over the years, copyright status may be different for older photographs and for different countries at different times.
Jiabo Liu has written: 'Copyright industries and the impact of creative destruction' -- subject(s): Duration, Law and legislation, Economic aspects, Copyright, Book industries and trade