Heat from Earth's interior.
Simplistically, the Sun (sunlight) is this ultimate energy source. BUT.... There are some ecosystems (those round black smokers in the deep oceans - or bacteria that live deep down in the solid rock of the earth) which use chemical energy produced by the heat within our planet as their energy source. organic food and its oxidation during respiration.
The primary source of energy for almost all food chains is the sun. The usual series is that the sun provides energy to plants that provide to other creatures. Some ecosystems rely on other energy sources however. For instance some deep ocean ecosystems rely on geothermal energy harvested by bacteria.
The Sun is the primary source of all energy in nearly all food chains. However, some deep-sea ecosystems utilize heat from underwater thermal vents as their primary energy sources since sunlight is virtually nonexistent.
The Sun and in the case of deep sea vents, the heat and chemicals from Earth's interior.
chemosynthesis
Deep water ecosystems cannot rely on photosynthesis because sunlight cannot penetrate to the depths where these ecosystems are located. Without adequate sunlight, plants and algae cannot carry out photosynthesis to produce energy, causing these ecosystems to rely on alternative energy sources such as chemosynthesis or detritus.
Yes, some deep-sea ecosystems are based on chemosynthesis where bacteria use chemicals from hydrothermal vents to produce energy instead of relying on sunlight or plants. These ecosystems can support diverse life forms that do not depend directly on plants for their energy source.
Chemosynthetic bacteria in deep-sea volcanic-vent ecosystems are essential because they are the primary producers. They convert chemicals in the vent fluids, such as hydrogen sulfide, into organic molecules through chemosynthesis, serving as the base of the food web for other organisms in these extreme environments. These bacteria support a diverse community of organisms by providing a source of energy where sunlight is not available.
The heat from deep in the earth's mantle.
Renewable energy doesn't get used up, in the way that coal and oil do. It is still there the next day, such as sunshine; wind power; water power from rivers and oceans; and geothermal power, which uses the heat deep below the surface of the earth. They are also called the Alternative energy sources.
Oceans are deep, mountains are tall.
hydrogen sulfide