chemosynthesis
The heat from deep in the earth's mantle.
Few producers live deep below a lake's surface because light penetration decreases with depth, limiting photosynthesis. Without sufficient light, plants and algae struggle to photosynthesize and produce energy, resulting in fewer producers thriving in deep areas of lakes.
Heat from Earth's interior.
There are none. No sunlight penetrates that deep, so there is no sunlight for photosynthesis. Instead, bacteria use chemosynthesis. They take the chemicals in the water shooting out of the vents, and make it into food.
Bacteria. Algae need light to produce their food, so they're mostly closer to the surface, but some types of bacteria can ferment and produce their own food chemically, without the need for light as an energy source.
hydrogen sulfide
Yes, chemosynthetic bacteria are primary producers. They can utilize inorganic chemicals as an energy source to produce organic compounds through chemosynthesis, which serves as the foundation of certain ecosystems such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
Deep sea producers are the organisms that live so far down in the ocean, that they have to make their own food in order to live.
So-called 'primary producers', organisms that produce biomass from simple chemical compounds and an external energy source. Plants are primary producers: they produce plant biomass from CO2 and water, using the sunlight as a source of energy. In the ocean, phytoplankton is responsible for most of the primary production. Some organisms use energy sources other than light to produce biomass. Some bacteria, for instance, derive their energy from the oxidation of inorganic chemical compounds (e.g. H2S). In the deep sea, whole communities are supported by this kind of chemosynthesis.
Producers in an ecosystem, primarily plants and some microorganisms, obtain energy through the process of photosynthesis. They convert sunlight into chemical energy by using chlorophyll to capture light energy, which is then used to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This stored energy in the form of glucose serves as food for producers themselves and forms the base of the food chain, supporting various consumers in the ecosystem. In some ecosystems, such as deep-sea environments, producers like chemosynthetic bacteria obtain energy from chemical reactions, primarily involving substances like hydrogen sulfide.
Chemosynthetic bacteria in deep-sea volcanic-vent ecosystems are essential because they are the primary producers. They convert chemicals in the vent fluids, such as hydrogen sulfide, into organic molecules through chemosynthesis, serving as the base of the food web for other organisms in these extreme environments. These bacteria support a diverse community of organisms by providing a source of energy where sunlight is not available.
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