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Master Degree in marketing

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Q: What is the equivalent qualification for a level three professional certificate chartered institute of marketing?
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Compare and contrast the definition for Marketing for the chartered institute of marketing and the American Marketing Association.?

Compare with Chartered Institute of UK and American Association of Marketing, the definition of Marketing?


What is the importance of a marketing strategy?

Strategy without tactics is the slowest route to victory; tactics without strategy is the noise before defeat". Sun Tzu - The Art of War. Marketing Strategy is something that helps companies achieves Marketing objectives. Marketing objectives help achieve corporate objectives and corporate objectives aim to achieve a competitive advantage over rival organizations. Firstly, a Managing Director or senior management team, or executive board of directors (who ever is in charge) decides on overall corporate objectives. One corporate objective might be to increase sales by X%. In order to achieve this objective the board might split it into smaller bite sized objectives, assigned to different departments. Marketing might get the following objective - Identify 2 new customer segments, or increase brand awareness by X%. Do you see how business objectives filter down through the levels of organisation within a company? Corporate objectives - corporate strategy - individual department objectives - departmental strategy - departmental tactics - departmental administration. Marketing strategy is all about how to achieve Marketing objectives, Marketing tactics is how to implement strategies, and administration holds the whole thing together. Referring back to Sun Tzu, the Art of War is a ancient Chinese text about military strategy, which in more recent years has become a common fixture on the desks of many business managers and it is packed full of military strategies both offensive and defensive. These strategies are as relevant to business today as they were to the Chinese military a 1000 years ago. The first chapter of this book is about laying plans. Planning and research are important elements to any kind of strategy, infact without this research and planning strategy is worse than useless, it is misleading and dangerous to the organization's ability to remain competitive. Sun Tzu famously said 'know your enemy as yourself; he who knows himself but not his enemy will win half the time; he who knows his enemy but not himself will win half the time; he who knows neither himself nor his enemy is sure to be defeated.' Common sense perhaps, but it does illustrate the importance of strategy. The marketing Guru Phillip Kotler, in his book 'Kotler on Marketing' writes that the process of planning is useful even if the plans themselves are not. Simply sitting and talking about strategies is beneficial because of the ideas stimulated. In marketing, planning means conducting an environmental audit - do a PEST analysis, SWOT analysis, Competitor analysis, and anything else you could think of to help you understand the environment in which the organization operates. Having done all this you should identify the key points and the most significant opportunities and threats facing the organization. You can use this information to develop a marketing strategy that focuses on the organizations strengths, addresses its weaknesses. The 3 types of analysis I mention above are all useful individually, but the most sophisticated method is to use them in conjunction with each other. Let them flow into each other, inform each other. I wish some one had told me that a long time ago. I didn't realize that (above) until the 3rd year of my degree. One academic who has written a lot about marketing strategy is Michael Porter who came up with a rather good model called 'Generic Strategies', here's a very good explanation: http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/generic.shtml. However, if you are not familiar with these concepts then it might be in more detail than you really need, or care about. I will summarize the model. There are 3 generic strategies that might achieve competitive advantage, these are Cost leadership, be the cheapest; Differentiation, have a better product; Focus, set your sights on a small niche in the market which you can satisfy very well. The reason I brought this model into it is because it is important to actually choose and achieve one of these strategies, some academics (Johnson and Scholes) think it is possible to effectively achieve 2 of the generic strategies at once but there is a general consensus that organizations shouldn't get 'stuck in the middle' of all the strategies and so not be able to achieve any effective strategy at all. A Marketing strategy provides consistency throughout the different elements of an organization's marketing mix. If an organization has decided to use a pricing strategy that indicates a high quality product and the marketing literature doesn't support this then there is a breakdown of strategy, it gives a confusing message and customers would thing 'hey, I paid a tonne for this product but it's a load of rubbish because they can't even put together a decent leaflet" or something like that. Strategy is the foundations upon which marketing campaigns are formed. If you ask the average Joe what marketing is the chances are they will say 'advertising and promotion' perhaps branding. This is a common misconception; marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, satisfying and anticipating customer requirements profitably (that's the Chartered Institute of Marketing's definition). The important words are 'management process' that implies a strategic function. If we take this literally then we might say if it's not strategic (directly or indirectly) it's not marketing; must be some other business function, some useless, ill-informed activity that is a waste of money. I wouldn't mention that to your boss though.


What are some taglines of products?

Taglines and brands of major companiesABN AMRO Bank -- Making More PossibleAccenture -- High Performance. DeliveredAdbrite -- The Internet's AD marketplaceAdidas -- Forever sportsAdobe -- Simplicity at work. Better by adobeAffinity -- A Fresh Approach to text advertisingAIG or American International Group Insurance Company -- We know MoneyAir Canada -- A breath of Fresh AirAllianz Group -- The Power on your sideAMAZON.COM -- Earth's Biggest BookStoreANDHRA BANK -- "Much more to do, with YOU in focus."Apple Macintosh -- Think DifferentARCELOR -- Steel solutions for a better worldAT&T -- The World's Networking CompanyAVIVA LIFE INSURANCE -- " Kal par Control"Bank of America -- Higher StandardsBank of Baroda -- India's International BankBANK OF RAJASTHAN -- Dare to DreamBarclays -- Fluent in Finance; Its our business to know your businessBIOCON -- The difference lies in our DNABirla Mutual fund -- The name inspire trustBLOGGER.COM -- Push Button PublishingBLOOMINGDALES -- Like no other store in the worldBMW -- The Ultimate Driving MachineBOEING -- Forever new FrontiersBombay Stock Exchange (BSE) -- The Edge is EfficiencyBPCL -- Pure for SureBritish airways -- The Way to FlyBritish Petroleum -- Beyond PetroleumBUSINESS INDIA -- The Magazine of the Corporate WorldBUSINESS TODAY -- For Managing TomorrowBUSINESS WORLD -- Play the GameCAST AWAY -- "At the edge of the world, his journey begins "Capgemeni -- Together: Free your energiesCEAT -- Born ToughCENTRAL -- Shop. Eat. CelebrateCHEVROLET AVEO -- When Good is not good enoughChevron Corporation -- Human EnergyCHIP -- Intelligent ComputingCIPLA -- Caring for lifeCITIGROUP or CITIBANK -- The Citi Never SleepsCNBC or NBC -- Profit from it or Must see TVCOMPTRON and GREAVES -- Everyday SolutionsComputer Associates -- The Software that empowers the E-BusinessCSC -- Experence. Results.DAIMLER CHYSLER -- A future of AutomobileDell -- Easy as DELL.Deutsche Bank -- A Passion to PerformDIGIT -- Your Technology NavigatorDLF -- "Building INDIA"DR. REDDY'S LABORATORIES -- Life. Research. HopeDUNLOP -- Accelerate your soulDUPONT -- The Miracles of ScienceEBAY -- The World's Online Market PlaceEMC -- Where information livesFord ICON -- "The Josh Machine"EPSON -- Exceed Your VisionErnst and Young -- Quality in Everything we DoEssar corp -- A positive a++itudeExxon Mobil -- Taking on the World's Toughest Energy ChallengesFIAT -- Driven by Passion. FIATFORD -- Built for the Road AheadEssar -- Gas and BeyondGM -- Only GM.HAIER -- Inspired LivingHINDUSTAN TIMES -- The Name India trusts for NewsHINDUSTAN PETROLEUM -- Future full of energyHOME DEPOT -- You can do it. We can Help.HONDA -- The Power of DreamsHP Invent -- Everything is PossibleHSBC -- The World's Local BankHYUNDAI -- Drive Your WayIBM -- ON DEMANDIBM -- " I think, therefore IBM."IBP -- Pure bhi. Poora bhiInfolinks -- Linking text to revenueInfosys -- " Powered by Intellect, Driven by Values; Improve your odds with Infosys Predictability"Intel -- Intel insideIOCL -- Bringing Energy to LifeJaguar -- Born to performJet Airways -- The Joy of FlyingJVC -- The Perfect ExperienceKESC -- Use your power to conserveKingfisher Airlines -- Fly the good timesKMART -- The stuff of life.Komli -- Reach, Acquire, Measure.Kontera -- Delivering relevant IN-TEXT resultsKotak -- Think Investments. Think Kotak.KROGER -- Costs less to get moreLARSEN and TOUBRO -- We make things which make India proudLEE -- The jeans that built AmericaLexus -- The persuit of perfectionLehman Brothers -- Where Vision Gets BuiltLENOVO -- We are building a new technology companyLG -- Life's GoodLufthansa -- There's no better to flyMacromedia -- What the web can beMalaysian Airlines -- Going Beyond ExpectationsMARUTI SX4 -- "Men are Back"Master card -- There are some things money can't buy. For everything else there'sÿMASTERCARD.Max NewYork Life Insurance -- Your Partner for lifeMcDowells Signature -- The New Sign of SuccessMCX -- Trade with trustMETRO -- The spirit of CommerceMERCK -- Where patients come firstMetropolitan Life Insurance Company or Metlife. -- Have You Met Life TodayMicrosoft -- Where Do You Want to Go Today ; Your Potential Our PassionMichelin -- A better way forwardMITTAL STEEL -- Shaping the future of steelMonster.com -- Never SettleMRF -- Tyres with MuscleNASDAQ -- Stock market for the digital worldNDTV Profit -- News you can Use.NOKIA -- "Connecting People"NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) -- The world puts its stock in usONGC -- Making Tomorrow BrighterOrange -- The future is bright. The future is orangePanasonic -- "ideas for life"PFIZER -- Life is our life's workPHILLIPS -- Sense and SimplicityPrudential Insurance Company -- Growing and Protecting your wealthARaymond -- A Complete ManReliance industries Limited -- Growth is LifeRivolta -- "Undress Code For Men"Sahara -- Emotionally yoursSAMSUNG -- Everyone's Invited or Its hard to ImagineSAMSUNG Mobile -- Next is What?SANSUI -- Born in Japan Entertaining The WorldSBI -- SURPRISINGLYSBI DEBIT CARD -- Welcome to a Cashless WorldServo -- 100 % Performance. Everytime.Singapore Stock Exchange (SGX) -- Tomorrow Market's TodaySKODA -- Obsessed with Quality since 1897SONY -- Like. No. Other.Speed -- High Performance PetrolStandard Chartered Bank -- Your Right PartnerStandard Insurance Company Limited. -- Positively Different.Star Sports -- We know your gameSun Microsystems -- The Network is the ComputerSUZLON ENERGY -- Powering a Greener TomorrowSYMANTEC -- Be Fearless.TATA MOTORS -- Even More Car per CarTCS -- Beyond the ObviousTESCO -- Every Little HelpsThai Airways -- "Smooth as Silk"THE DAILY TELEGRAPH -- Read a Bestseller everydayTHE DAY AFTER TOMORROW -- Where will you beTHE ECONOMIC TIMES -- The Power of KnowledgeThe Indian EXPRESS -- Journalism of CourageTIMESJOBS.COM -- " If you have a reason, we have the job "TITANIC -- Collide With DestinyTOSHIBA -- Choose FreedomTOYOTA -- Touch The PerfectionToyota Innova -- All you DesireUBS -- You and UsUnion Bank of India -- Good People to Bank withVIDEOCON -- The Indian MultinationalVIZAG STEEL -- Pride of SteelVOLKSWAGEN -- Das AutoWILLS CLASSIC -- "Discover a Passion"Window XP -- Do more with lessWALMART -- Always low prices. AlwaysWindows XP -- Do More with LessWIPRO -- Applying Thought


What are the 7 elements of a marketing mix?

The ProductDescription of Hilton Hotels Products and ServicesIn order to capture every opportunity in the market, Hilton operates hotels and other related services in accommodation, gambling and entertainment areas. Few areas are entirely new for Hilton Group, including a gambling business.Hilton Hotels & Resorts offers mainly accommodation services through its hotels, resorts, apartment hotels etc. Most of the revenue is generated through selling hotel rooms to customers. There are also a range of other services and products that contribute to the level of revenue stream such as restaurants, bars, smaller shops, spa, laundry services, travel desk, business centre, banquet halls etc. Among these products and services the core one is rooms divisions which brings most of the revenues.Generally, products are divided into three levels: core, facilitating and supporting products.Core products can be explained as a basic form of a product. To put it simply core products are the main reasons for customers purchasing from a business. For Hilton Hotels & Resorts core product is hotel rooms that customers stay in for a specific period of time. Peripheral services can be explained as additional products and services above the core product that businesses offer to get competitive edge in the marketplace.Facilitating products involve services that assist consumers in consumption of core products. Hilton offers a set of popular facilitating products such as customer services, bars and restaurants, and online reservation facilities.Supporting products include additional products and services that are offered in order to obtain competitive advantage for the business by increasing the value of core products and services. A range of supporting products offered by Hilton Hotels include 24/7 room service, free newspapers and magazines for business travellers, concierge services etc.Augmented product is benefit offer made by businesses that consist of core product and peripheral services. Augmented products offered by Hilton Hotels & Resorts include membership discounts, luxurious room and exterior designs, high class restaurants and relaxed hotel atmosphere.Price Hilton Hotels Pricing StrategiesPricing strategies used by businesses are divided into four broad categories within the framework of Pricing Strategy Matrix: economy, penetration, skimming and premium pricing strategies. Economy pricing strategy involves selling products of basic features and characteristics to consumers with low budgets. Penetration pricing strategy, on the other hand, involves offering high quality products and services in low prices than the competition in order to increase market share.Skimming, as a pricing strategy is opposite to penetration in a way that products and services are offered in a higher price levels than the competition. The main rationale for the choice of skimming pricing strategy may include the desire to associate products or services with exclusiveness and a high quality.Premium pricing strategy involves charging high level prices for products and services that are perceived to have excellent quality and additional characteristics and features.From the classifications provided above the type of pricing strategy adopted by Hilton Hotels & Resorts can be specified as premium. Hilton only offers five star and four star rooms and the company is able to charge its customers at premium levels because beyond the core product, Hilton also 'sells' a set of intangible benefits such as sense of achievement, high status and luxury.Promotion Hilton Hotels Promotion StrategyHilton Hotels & Resorts employ promotion strategy that utilises various components of promotion mix. Generally, major elements of promotion mix include advertising, public relations, personal selling, and sales promotion.AdvertisingAdvertising is "a paid, mediated form of communication from an identifiable source, designed to persuade the receiver to take some action now or in the future" (Klever, 2009, p.25).New advertisement slogan of Hilton Hotels & Resorts 'Stay Hilton. Go Everywhere' is aimed to communicate the marketing message of the hotel being a large global brand and maintaining a high level of quality in all of its hotels.This marketing message is communicated through a set of specific elements of advertising promotional strategy such as advertisements in newspapers and magazines popular with senior level management professionals such as Forbes, Fortune, The Economist, and Financial Times. Moreover, the communication of Hilton Hotels & Resorts marketing message is also facilitated through broadcast advertisements in selected television channels.Public RelationsOfficially, The Chartered Institute of Public Relations (CIPD) defines public relations as "planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organisation and its publics" (CIPD, 2013, online). In simple terms, public relations can be explained as a one way communication between the company and the public.Hilton Hotels & Resorts public relations are maintained through communication with a range of parties such as customers, employees, and other private and public organisations. Specific methods of public relations used by Hilton Hotels & Resorts include issuing online and offline press releases in a regular manner, and communicating through newsletters with organisational stakeholders. Moreover, the company website serves as an effective platform for Hilton Hotels & Resorts for engaging in public relations.Personal SellingPersonal selling involves company sales representatives contacting potential customers through various channels with the aims of making a sale. The advantages of personal selling include the possibility to attract customer attention, application of interpersonal skills in order to mage the sale, and the potentials for forming and maintaining long-term customer relationships.At the same time, personal selling promotion mix has some disadvantages such as being overly expensive to conduct and reaching fewer numbers of perspective customers in a given period of time compared to other elements of marketing promotion mix. Promotion strategy used by Hilton Hotels & Resorts does not involve personal selling due to the nature of the business.Sales PromotionSales promotion relates to attempts by a business to persuade potential customers to purchase products or services through introducing various incentives. Sales promotion is popular in hotel industry, and accordingly this specific element of promotion mix is used by Hilton Hotels & Resorts in an intensive manner.Hilton Hotels & Resorts engage in sales promotion through HHonors points based rewards program and discount vouchers available on official company website. Moreover, Hilton Hotels & Resorts offer a wide range of deals on their website in order to increase the level of their revenues.Hilton Hotels & Resorts gains practical advantages from using sales promotion in the forms of increasing the level of revenues and achieving utilisation of their rooms at a greater extend. However, it is important to note that by introducing aggressive sales promotions Hilton Hotels & Resorts may be risking compromising brand value in a way that sales promotion and the possibility to use the brand services in cheaper prices might be compromising the level of exclusiveness of the brand.Furthermore, sales promotions only offer short-term advantages and thus this element of marketing promotion mix is best used only in an occasional manner.Place Hilton Hotels & Resorts Distribution StrategyThe ultimate aim of the distribution strategy for a hotel firm can be specified as making available the products and services to consumers where, when and how they prefer them.Hilton Hotels & Resorts distribution strategy heavily relies on information technology and internet in various formats. Firstly, the official website of the company serves as an effective platform for service distribution as it is supplied with a wide range of features and capabilities providing practical assistance to customers such as booking a room, planning events and weddings, scheduling meetings and booking airport pick-ups.Moreover, the distribution of Hilton Hotels & Resorts products and services is also facilitated through mobile convenient applications made available for IPhone and Android platforms. Social media is adopted as another effective instrument by Hilton Hotels & Resorts in distribution of its products and services. For example, the official page of the company in leading social networking website, Facebook has been 'liked' by more than 405,300 people who receive latest news about the company and special offer announcements through the website.The main reason behind the selection of internet platform as the base of Hilton Hotels & Resorts distribution strategy relates to a wide range of conveniences associated with internet. Specifically, internet presents Hilton Hotels & Resorts customers with the possibilities of purchasing products and services in advance on the go and within a timeframe of a few seconds.Usage of Three Ps of Extended Marketing Mix by Hilton Hotels & ResortsTraditional four P's of marketing mix discussed above have been specified as product, price, promotion, and place, and additional three P's of extended marketing mix have been adopted as process, physical evidence and people.Process The process element of marketing mix is approached by Hilton Hotels & Resorts according to its selected business strategy. Specifically, the company aims to maintain the process of service provision in a premium levels in a luxurious manner. Generally most of the hotels are running 24/7 their businesses unlike banks or schools.It is because the accommodation services need to be provided around the year and 24 hours in a day. In order to remain competitive the marketing process used by the hotel is very important. According to Rutherford (2007) the marketing process of a hotel should begin from deciding what to be and what to offer to whom. Creating awareness and stimulating the demand among the consumers are the key marketing process can help to achieve the competitive advantage.Physical evidence Physical evidence can be explained as tangibility of Hilton Hotels & Resorts services and physical outcome that is generated from consumption of the service. Specifically, physical evidence for Hilton Hotels & Resorts includes luxurious interior and exterior design, attitude of hotel workforce towards customers and service provision, and inclusion of tangible goods within the service.People There are various people groups that play a vital role for the success of Hilton Hotels & Resorts. Broadly, people that have direct implications on Hilton Hotels & Resorts performance can be divided into three categories: customers, employees and suppliers.Customers represent an important group of people for Hilton Hotels & Resorts for obvious reasons. Generally hotel firms target a wide range of customers from leisure to business travellers, people those are want to eat outside etc. One of the big challenges to the hospitality marketing is satisfying the different mind-set customers. Over a period these customers' needs and wants will also be changed.Employees are classified as another group of people that can have tremendous impact on service outcome, and consequently on the level of profitability of Hilton Hotels & Resorts through their performances.Moreover, Hilton Hotels & Resorts rely on a wide range of suppliers and the performance of people employed by suppliers also might have indirect implications on the performance of the company.7"Ps" are: ProductPricePromotionPlacePeople (Only for services)Physical Environment (Only for services)Process (Only for services)and arguably there is an 8th P in Marketing mix which is Packaging(which sometimes people argue is in the Promotion part).


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