The kernel.
linus
Linus
It is actually, Linux. Linux is the kernel created by Linus Benedict Torvalds (a Finnish American software engineer), who (with the help of others) developed the kernel on which many distros (operating systems) have radiated out: Linux Mint, Ubuntu, to name only two.
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First of all, it's GNU/Linux not just Linux(which is the name of the kernel). Second, most versions of GNU/Linux are free. Lastly, the most popular version is Ubuntu.
Linux is the kernel.
There are several different telnet servers / daemons for Linux. The most common one is probably the NetKit implementation. Most Telnet servers are run under the generic name of "telnetd", but this is also the name of a specific implementation.
Atomic Bomb
Netscape Navigator was originally developed by Marc Andresson under the original name Mosaic.
STG
The very first one, period. The first shell for Unix didn't originally have a name but has since been referred to as the Thompson shell. The first shell ported to Linux was bash.
There are no "joined" Linux and Windows operating systems, so there is no name for them.