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What is the influenza reservoir?

Updated: 11/3/2022
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βˆ™ 11y ago

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The different types of influenza have different reservoirs. To talk only of the types that humans get, the largest reservoir for human influenza Type A viruses (those that we see most often in seasonal flu and that cause pandemics of the flu) is the human being.

In the bird flu that humans can get (Type A Avian Influenza H5N1 and H7N9), the biggest reservoir is wild aquatic fowl such as shorebirds, ducks and geese, but also commercial chicken farmers see it in their fowl, but less frequently.

Influenza A viruses are also frequently isolated in pigs and horses. It is believed that the animal reservoirs are where most new human subtypes of influenza develop. This is true of the H1N1/09 pandemic Swine Flu which started in pigs and birds before mutating to be able to infect humans.

Swine have been demonstrated to have receptors for both human and bird flu viruses, and as such are considered a potential mixing vessel for human, swine and avian viruses.

(For more about that reassortant process that occurred with the H1N1/09 Swine Flu, see the related question about what caused the swine flu.)

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