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There are two languages that are candidates for the world's shortest alphabet, depending on how you define the sounds of the language:

The Central dialect of Rotokas possesses one of the world's smallest phoneme inventories. The alphabet consists of twelve letters, representing eleven phonemes. Rotokas has a vowel-length distinction (that is, all vowels have a short and long counterpart) but otherwise lacks distinctive suprasegmental features such as contrastive tone or stress.


The Pirahã language is one of the phonologically simplest languages known, comparable to Rotokas and Hawaiian. There is a claim that Pirahã has as few as ten phonemes, one fewer than Rotokas, but this requires analyzing [k] as an underlying /hi/. Although such a phenomenon is odd cross-linguistically, Ian Maddieson has found in researching Pirahã data that /k/ does indeed exhibit an unusual distribution in the language.[citation needed]


The 'ten phoneme' claim also does not consider the tones of Pirahã, at least two of which are phonemic (marked by an acute accent and either unmarked or marked by a grave accent in Everett), bringing the number of phonemes to at least twelve. Sheldon (1988) claims three tones, high (¹), mid (²) and low (³).

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7y ago
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13y ago

Hawaiian has 13 letters (including the apostrophe, which counts as part of its alphabet).

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Q: What is the language with the shortest alphabet?
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