the last stage is called the last stage
The four stages of succession that occur after a glacier recedes are lichens, mosses, grasses, and trees. Each stage building upon the last.
the pioneer plant stage
"Succession is a process of ecological change in which a series of natural communities are established and then replaced over time. Ecologists (scientists who study the relationships of organisms with their living and nonliving environment) generally recognize two kinds of succession, primary succession and secondary succession. Primary succession takes place on an area that is originally completely empty of life. As an example, an area that has been covered by a flow of lava has, for a time, no life at all on it. Over a period of time, however, various kinds of organisms begin to grow in the area. Over time, the variety of life-forms changes as succession continues."
pioneer plant stage
They're communities in the last stage of succession.
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primary succession
There are 3 types of successions. One is called ecological succession, the next is called primary succession, and the last one is called secondary succession.
The primary succession of a Tundra biome is that it is a primary succession not a secondary.
It's primary succession!
primary succession, ecological succession, substrate, and secondary succession
Primary plant succession is the first stage of succession. Primary succession takes place on land and soil that has undergone a disturbance, eg after a mud slide, fires etc. Primary succession usually involves basic plant life and fungi colonising the disturbed area. These plants tend to be first of all mosses and lichens followed by grasses and small flowering plants. Primary succession over time will provide the soil with more nutrients and will increase the organic horizon layer of soil allowing secondary succession (bushes and larger plants dependant on more nutrients and soil) to commence.