The assembly is called a "Harmonic Balancer" or "Harmonic Damper" in Europe.
The Rubber acts as a damper to smoth the engine vibrations at certain speeds.
The Rubber is not available seperately so most people won't know its called a "Damper"
In most cases no, it is two pieces pressed together with rubbber in between. It is called the vibration damper or the harmonic balancer.
centre connections.
Predicting data between two known pieces is called forecasting. This is commonly applied in business planning and can be used as the basis for critical decisions.
rake board
An engine/compressor crankshaft has several places where rods to the pistons are connected. The rods are on a pin which is offset from the center of the crankshaft. Thus, as the crankshaft rotates, the pin orbits in a circle around it. The connecting rod is thus forced back and forth, due to the pin's motion. The pin is connected to the crankshaft by two pieces called WEBs. On a perfectly-aligned crankshaft, the distance between the two webs is constant, even as the shaft rotates. However, after months of constant use, the mounting of the engine/compressor can change: ground settling, worn support structures, bolt tension changes, etc. When this happens, the distance between the webs can start to vary with rotation. The amount of variation in this distance is called WEB DEFLECTION. That means the webs are subject to cyclic stress every rotation, and if severe enough, the crankshaft can be destroyed. WEB DEFLECTION is thus an indicator of the state of crankshaft alignment. Even a few mils variation is indicative of trouble. Manufacturers recommend checking this periodically, and re-aligning the shaft if the deflection is over a given limit. Here is a drawing of a crankshaft, with the web labeled: http://www.motorera.com/dictionary/pics/c/crankshaft.gif
Glass slides
This would be called a fjord.
this is called an Isthmus
I believe that is called "incidental music."
weathered pieces of rock is called soil.
Large pieces of the lithosphere are called tectonic plates.
10 dollar gold pieces are called Eagles