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Provide a unique logical address for each device on the network. Each networked device has a globally unique physical address, commonly referred to as the MAC-ID.

While the MAC-ID is guaranteed to be globally unique, it refers to a particular hardware, not to a particular device. For example, your PC's Ethernet MAC-ID will change when the LAN card changes, but its logical address (the IP address) may not have to change at the same time. This allows other devices to continue communicating with your PC even after its MAC-ID changed.

IP addresses are also grouped into subnets, which supports routing. It messages were sent using MAC-ID (physical) addressing, the message must be repeated into every subnet because the destination device could be anywhere.

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Q: What is the main function of an IP address?
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