How are alkenes used in industry?

Answer 1

Alkenes are used for artificial ripening of fruits, as a general anesthetic, for making poisonous mustard gas (War gas) and ethylene-oxygen flame.

1. Making plastics by polymerisation

2. Making ethylene glycol

3. Making industrial ethanol and further oxidation to ethanoic acid

4. Making Halogenoalkanes important industrial solvents

5. catalytic reforming to form benzene and other aryl compounds

From alkenes

In hydrohalogenation, an alkene reacts with a dry hydrogen halide (HX) like hydrogen chloride (HCl) or hydrogen bromide (HBr) to form a haloalkane. The double bond of the alkene is replaced by two new bonds, one with the halogen and one with the hydrogen atom of the hydrohalic acid. Markovnikov's rule states that in this reaction, the halogen is more likely to become attached to the more substituted carbon. This is a electrophilic addition reaction. Water must be absent otherwise there will be a side product(water). The reaction is necessarily to be carried out in a dry inert solvent such as CCl4 or directly in the gaseous phase.

Alkenes also react with halogens (X2) to form haloalkanes with two neighboring halogen atoms in a halogen addition reaction. This is sometimes known as "decolorizing" the halogen, since the reagent X2 is colored and the product is usually colorless.

Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene, via the intermediate ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide reacts with water to produce ethylene glycol according to the chemical equation

C2H4O + H2O → HOCH2CH2OH

This reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, or can occur at neutral pH under elevated temperatures. The highest yields of ethylene glycol occur at acidic or neutral pH with a large excess of water. Under these conditions, ethylene glycol yields of 90% can be achieved. The major byproducts are the ethylene glycol oligomers diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol.

Ethanol for use as industrial feedstock is most often made from petrochemical feed stocks, typically by the acid-catalyzed hydration of ethylene, represented by the chemical equation

C2H4(g) + H2O(g) → CH3CH2OH(l).

The catalyst is most commonly phosphoric acid,[17] adsorbed onto a porous support such as diatomaceous earth or charcoal. This catalyst was first used for large-scale ethanol production by the Shell Oil Company in 1947.[18] The reaction is carried out with an excess of high pressure steam at 300°C.

2. Alkenes are compounds containing a Carbon-Carbon double bond. This gives them the ability to undergo addition polymerisation to form polymers (plastics). The simplest example of this is the polymerisation of ethene (also known as ethylene) monomers (H2C=CH2) by breaking their double bonds and forming single bonds between them, resulting in polyethene, more commonly known as polythene, a long repeated chain of -CH2-. There are a huge variety of polymers formed from alkenes in this way. Alkenes are also an important starting material in organic synthesis as they are able to undergo a large variety of addition reactions across the double bond, forming products such as halogenoalkanes, alcohols or amines.

Answer 2

Alkenes are used for artificial ripening of fruits, as a general anesthetic, for making poisonous mustard gas (War gas) and ethylene-oxygen flame.

1. Making plastics by polymerisation

2. Making ethylene glycol

3. Making industrial ethanol and further oxidation to ethanoic acid

4. Making Halogenoalkanes important industrial solvents

5. catalytic reforming to form benzene and other aryl compounds

From alkenes

In hydrohalogenation, an alkene reacts with a dry hydrogen halide (HX) like hydrogen chloride (HCl) or hydrogen bromide (HBr) to form a haloalkane. The double bond of the alkene is replaced by two new bonds, one with the halogen and one with the hydrogen atom of the hydrohalic acid. Markovnikov's rule states that in this reaction, the halogen is more likely to become attached to the more substituted carbon. This is a electrophilic addition reaction. Water must be absent otherwise there will be a side product(water). The reaction is necessarily to be carried out in a dry inert solvent such as CCl4 or directly in the gaseous phase.

Alkenes also react with halogens (X2) to form haloalkanes with two neighboring halogen atoms in a halogen addition reaction. This is sometimes known as "decolorizing" the halogen, since the reagent X2 is colored and the product is usually colorless.

Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene, via the intermediate ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide reacts with water to produce ethylene glycol according to the chemical equation

C2H4O + H2O → HOCH2CH2OH

This reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, or can occur at neutral pH under elevated temperatures. The highest yields of ethylene glycol occur at acidic or neutral pH with a large excess of water. Under these conditions, ethylene glycol yields of 90% can be achieved. The major byproducts are the ethylene glycol oligomers diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol.

Ethanol for use as industrial feedstock is most often made from petrochemical feed stocks, typically by the acid-catalyzed hydration of ethylene, represented by the chemical equation

C2H4(g) + H2O(g) → CH3CH2OH(l).

The catalyst is most commonly phosphoric acid,[17] adsorbed onto a porous support such as diatomaceous earth or charcoal. This catalyst was first used for large-scale ethanol production by the Shell Oil Company in 1947.[18] The reaction is carried out with an excess of high pressure steam at 300°C.

2. Alkenes are compounds containing a Carbon-Carbon double bond. This gives them the ability to undergo addition polymerisation to form polymers (plastics). The simplest example of this is the polymerisation of ethene (also known as ethylene) monomers (H2C=CH2) by breaking their double bonds and forming single bonds between them, resulting in polyethene, more commonly known as polythene, a long repeated chain of -CH2-. There are a huge variety of polymers formed from alkenes in this way. Alkenes are also an important starting material in organic synthesis as they are able to undergo a large variety of addition reactions across the double bond, forming products such as halogenoalkanes, alcohols or amines.

What_are_the_uses_of_alkenes

Answer 3

they can be used in manufactures to make plastic.