Car batteries are either 6 or 12 volt, semi trucks are 24 volt. However a good alternator will put out between 13.5 to 16 volts.
I'm not a mechanic / technician but I believe with the engine running it is a maximum of 14.5 volts
get a multi meter that reads dc voltage & touch the black (negative -) wire to the negative battery post & the red (positive +) wire to the positive battery post with car running. car off is battery voltage, car on is alternator voltage.
when cranking the engine the battery voltage should not fall below 9.6volts if so replace battery
Yes, if your car battery is the same voltage as the ATV battery.
yes
Larger.
12-14v
12.6 volts
Yes
Sure, if the alternator voltage regulator is defective it can overcharge the battery.
The number of cells in a battery determine the battery's voltage. Different types of batteries have different cell voltages. The cell voltage is dependant on the reactive metals used. A typical car battery will have six cells. Because a typical cell voltage has a source voltage of approximately 2.0 volts, this makes a car battery produce a voltage of 12 volts.
Voltage is the same but amp hour capacity of the car battery is much higher.