What is the meaning of latitude and longitude?

Answer 1

Latitude and longitude lines are imaginary grid lines that assign coordinates on the Earth's surface.

Latitude indicates the position north or south of the equator, as an angle to the equatorial plane. This can be from 0° (equator) to 90° north or south (the poles). Latitude lines circle the Earth.

Longitude is the division of the spherical Earth into 360 equal degree segments, as lines connecting the poles. The 0° point is arbitrarily assigned near Greenwich, England, and all other locations in degrees east or west, meeting at 180° (E or W), generally near the International Date Line in the western Pacific Ocean.

At the equator, they form a roughly square grid, with degrees of latitude and longitude nearly equal in length. Moving toward the poles, longitude shows a decrease in miles per "horizontal" degree.