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What enzyme adds base pairs in order to create the new strands in DNA replication?
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
DNA polymerase is the enzyme that replicates the pattern of the nucleotide bases. Its function is find the correct base, and then to bond it onto the original strand.
Wiki User
∙ 9y ago
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How is a DNA molecule unzipped?
DNA is, as you say, "unzipped" is a complex process. DNA usually unwinds either to replicate DNA or synthesize mRNA to make proteins. I'll use DNA replication as the example. when the process starts, it will start at hundreds of sites along the length of the DNA molecule. once started the replication will proceed in both directions. DNA helicase is the enzyme that opens the two strands, and the enzyme topoisomerase is before helicase to make sure no tension builds up as the strands unwind. after topoisomerase runs down the length, closely followed by helicase, binding proteins stick to the newly opened nucleotides to prevent the strands from sticking together. that's the first basic step of DNA replication and basically answers your question. Helicase opens it, but remember it must be triggered by a enzyme of protein in order for it to start, and then continues until the molecule is finished.
What is the correct order of the following processes transcription translation and DNA replication?
1. The first step in DNA replication is to unzip the double helix structure of the DNA molecule.2. This is carried out by an enzyme called helicase which breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the complementary bases of DNA together (A with T, C with G).3. The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a replication fork. The two separated strands will act as templates for making the new strands of DNA.4. One of the strands is oriented in the 3’ to 5’ direction (towards the replication fork), this is the leading strand. The other strand is oriented in the 5’ to 3’ direction (away from the replication fork), this is the lagging strand. As a result of their different orientations, the two strands are replicated differently.5.A short piece of RNA called a primer comes along and binds to the end of the leading strand. The primer acts as the starting point for DNA synthesis.6. DNA polymerase binds to the leading strand and then walks along it, adding new complementary nucleotide bases (A, C, G and T) to the strand of DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction.7. .Once all of the bases are matched up (A with T, C with G), an enzyme called exonuclease strips away the primer(s). The gaps where the primer(s) were are then filled by yet more complementary nucleotides.8..The new strand is proofread to make sure there are no mistakes in the new DNA sequence.9. Finally, an enzyme called DNA ligase seals up the sequence of DNA into two continuous double strands.10. Following replication the new DNA automatically winds up into a double helix.
What kinds of bonds are broken between N-bases when DNA unzips during replication?
Hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) are broken between the nitrogenous bases when the two strands of DNA separate. These bonds are not as strong as the covalent bonds holding together the sugar and phosphate in the backbone, so the H-bonds break first.
How is a DNA molecule split as it is copied?
The process of copying DNA (called replication) begins at what is called the origin of replication. This is simply a point on the chromosome where DNA polymerase knows to start replication. In most prokaryotes, there is only one origin of replication. In eukaryotes, there are usually multiple origins on each chromosome.
What process results in two complete strands of DNA from one original strand?
Transcription.
In order to replicate where do DNA molecules separate?
At the hydrogen bonds between bases with the help of the enzyme helicase.
What chemical force must be overcome in order to separate the two DNA strands during replication?
h bond
What bonds are broken in order the unzip the DNA strands?
The hydrogen bonds are broken in order to unzip the DNA strand. This all occurs during the DNA replication process.
How is a DNA molecule unzipped?
DNA is, as you say, "unzipped" is a complex process. DNA usually unwinds either to replicate DNA or synthesize mRNA to make proteins. I'll use DNA replication as the example. when the process starts, it will start at hundreds of sites along the length of the DNA molecule. once started the replication will proceed in both directions. DNA helicase is the enzyme that opens the two strands, and the enzyme topoisomerase is before helicase to make sure no tension builds up as the strands unwind. after topoisomerase runs down the length, closely followed by helicase, binding proteins stick to the newly opened nucleotides to prevent the strands from sticking together. that's the first basic step of DNA replication and basically answers your question. Helicase opens it, but remember it must be triggered by a enzyme of protein in order for it to start, and then continues until the molecule is finished.
What is ligase?
This enzyme is used on the lagging strand of DNA and seals the lagging strand to its daughter strand in order to create another double helix DNA
Why must two strands of parental DNA separate?
in order to replicate to create more DNA. this is required in order to make more cells
What type of molecules do pepsin create?
Pepsin is an enzyme that is produced in the stomach. It splits protein molecules in order to create proteoses and peptones.
What is the correct order of the following processes transcription translation and DNA replication?
1. The first step in DNA replication is to unzip the double helix structure of the DNA molecule.2. This is carried out by an enzyme called helicase which breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the complementary bases of DNA together (A with T, C with G).3. The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a replication fork. The two separated strands will act as templates for making the new strands of DNA.4. One of the strands is oriented in the 3’ to 5’ direction (towards the replication fork), this is the leading strand. The other strand is oriented in the 5’ to 3’ direction (away from the replication fork), this is the lagging strand. As a result of their different orientations, the two strands are replicated differently.5.A short piece of RNA called a primer comes along and binds to the end of the leading strand. The primer acts as the starting point for DNA synthesis.6. DNA polymerase binds to the leading strand and then walks along it, adding new complementary nucleotide bases (A, C, G and T) to the strand of DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction.7. .Once all of the bases are matched up (A with T, C with G), an enzyme called exonuclease strips away the primer(s). The gaps where the primer(s) were are then filled by yet more complementary nucleotides.8..The new strand is proofread to make sure there are no mistakes in the new DNA sequence.9. Finally, an enzyme called DNA ligase seals up the sequence of DNA into two continuous double strands.10. Following replication the new DNA automatically winds up into a double helix.
What nucleic acids are involved in translation?
There are a variety of enzymes used in replication. Helicase is used to open the hydrogen bonds that connect the two strands. However, this causes a tension to form in the strands (like a wind up toy) so some of it needs to be released. This is done by topoisomerase, which cuts the strands, lets them spin out some of the tension and attaches the DNA back together again. Moving behind helicase, is an enzyme called SSBP. This basically binds to the DNA sequence to prevent it from reattaching to itself after helicase unzips it; DNA would otherwise just bond back with the other strand. Then an RNA Polymerase called primase comes and attaches a primer to the DNA strands. This is needed because the next enzyme, DNA polymerase will not from scratch and needs a base to work from: the primer serves this role. Starting on the primer, DNA Polymerase III synthesizes the new strand, but the primers are still left on the strands. These will be removed by DNA Polymerase I which also adds new nucleotides to the hole left by the primer. Finally, an enzyme called ligase fills the one nucleotide gap left between the primer and the newly synthesized DNA with a sugar phosphate backbone (not another nucleotide)
What serves as the template for DNA replication?
The eukaryotic chromosomes are larger in size. Hence in order to overcome the limitation of DNA synthesis, multiple origins of replication are present in order to complete replication in a reasonable period of time.At the replication origin the strands of DNA must dissociate and unwind in order to allow access to DNA polymerase.Unwinding of the duplex at the origin as well as along the strands as the replication process proceeds is carried out by helicases.The resultant regions of single-stranded DNA are stabilized by the binding of single-strand binding proteins.The stabilized single-stranded regions are then accessible to the activities of other enzymes required for replication to proceed.The site of the unwound template strands is termed the replication fork.In order for DNA polymerases to synthesize DNA they must encounter a free 3'-OH which is the substrate for attachment of the 5'-phosphate of the incoming nucleotide.During replication the 3'-OH is supplied through the use of an RNA primer, synthesized by the primase activity. The primase utilizes the DNA strands as templates and synthesizes a short stretch of RNA generating a primer for DNA polymerase.Synthesis of DNA proceeds in the 5'---->3' direction through the attachment of the 5'-phosphate of an incoming deoxy nucleosidetriphosphate (dNTP) to the existing 3'-OH in the elongating DNA strands with the concomitant release of pyrophosphate.Initiation of synthesis, at origins of replication, occurs simultaneously on both strands of DNA.DNA synthesis process then proceeds bidirectionally, with one strand in each direction being copied continuously and one strand in each direction being copied discontinuously.The experimental support for this bidirectional mode of replication in the cells of higher eukaryotes was acquired by the fiber autoradiography of labeled DNAs got from mammalian cell cultures. When the replicating DNA extracted and isolated from eukaryotic cells are examined under the electron microscope, the clear "bubble" like structures extending from multiple replication origins are clearly visible.source: www.examville.com
What kinds of bonds are broken between N-bases when DNA unzips during replication?
Hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) are broken between the nitrogenous bases when the two strands of DNA separate. These bonds are not as strong as the covalent bonds holding together the sugar and phosphate in the backbone, so the H-bonds break first.
Explain the function of replication?
DNA replication requires the opening of the 'zipped up' DNA strand. This is so a 'new' strand of DNA can be inserted and have a template strand to 'read' off. DNA polymerase analyses the bases on the template strand and adds each complementary base to synthesise the 'new' strand. In order for DNA polymerase to be able to do this the DNA has to be opened up by helicase to reveal the bases of the template strand. The unzipping of the DNA by helicase forms the replication fork. Thus the function of the replication fork is to reveal template strands for DNA replication to actually occur.
