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The weight factor needs careful distribution across the fusilage. This is to maintain balance and also airframe stress. Documentation is used to provide safety inspections and prove that pilots and ground crews follow specific procedure.
balance scale need to put on the weight on the opposite and triple beam balance just need to slide the weight on
When we did weight and balance on the small piston engine aircraft I trained on we always used 9lb per U.S. gallon
Ya know when you destroy some enemy aircraft, they go neutral (yellow)? You need to balance the destruction of the neutralized aircraft.
It is entirely up to the manufacturer of the aircraft. Usually it is an imaginary point forward of the nose of the aircraft and all points aft of that datum have a positive value. This makes weight and balance calculations easier as there are no negative numbers.
The design process has to take into account weight, lift, drag and thrust. For example smaller engines require larger flying surfaces. Fighter aircraft have less wing square area and have stronger thrust jet engines. Such are the tolerances in modern aircraft that they are generally designed to carry twice there recommended loadings.
When considering cargo for selection on a specific airframe, you should consult the aircraft's Weight and Balance Manual, Aircraft Flight Manual, and any specific cargo loading procedures provided by the aircraft manufacturer. These publications will provide you with important information on weight limitations, cargo compartment configurations, and loading restrictions specific to the aircraft.
Aeronautical engineer is the one who designs aircraft. In the olden days before the inception of aeronautical engineer profession, aircraft designs were prepared by civil engineers. This is the main reason why old aircraft design employed many trusses in the structures because of such they were heavy. One modern design principle is the so called weight-to-strength ratio which contemplates the balance of the aircraft weight and structural strength. Thus, a good aircraft must be lightweight and at the same time structurally strong.
I'm not sure what you mean by "need" since weight is a concomitant - everything used to construct an aircraft has weight. It's a fact of life.Aircraft designers do everything possible to reduceweight.
It depends on the type and weight of aircraft, power of engine and type of propeller.
How it's actually done: Weight and balance need to be calculated before every flight. This includes the total weight. Large aircraft use load sensors in each gear strut to calculate the suspended weight (the weight below the sensors doesn't change with loading: rims,tires, brakes, etc) During maintenance and inspection, load sensors are calibrated to ensure they're correct. Small aircraft are weighed on scales that are put under each wheel and the weights are combined. Once the empty weight is known for that particular aircraft, adjustments can be made when equipment is installed or removed, passengers and luggage loaded or unloaded, and fuel weight for each flight by using the as-measured empty weight.
The weight of an aircraft counteracts the lift produced by an aircraft. The heavier an aircraft weighs the greater the lift needed to get off the ground.