The Supreme Court
No, The US Supreme Court is the only federal court Congress is powerless to abolish, because the Court is mandated by Article III of the Constitution.
No, The US Supreme Court is the only federal court Congress is powerless to abolish, because the Court is mandated by Article III of the Constitution.
Congress retains the authority to do this. They also have the authority to abolish any federal court except the Supreme Court.
Congress
Yes, Congress has the authority to change the structure and function of the Judicial Branch in any way not prohibited by the Constitution. For example, Congress can change the number of justices seated on the Supreme Court; can create or abolish courts inferior to (below) the Supreme Court; and can change the what cases a court can hear under appellate jurisdiction.
Congress can refuse his request
The US Supreme Court does not have the authority to abolish government agencies and departments, unless the agency is created under legislation that is challenged in court and determined to be unconstitutional. This is outside the scope the the Supreme Court's responsibility.
The Supreme Court
Congress created the Supreme Court of the United States and the first "inferior courts" of the federal judiciary in the Judiciary Act of 1789, but has expanded or dismantled parts of the federal court system at various points in history via other Judiciary Acts. The only federal court Congress cannot abolish is the Supreme Court because it is mandated under Article III of the Constitution.
Congress would abolish the Fugitive Slave Law
declare a law unconstitutional
Supreme Court