The side of the moon we see is properly called the "near side" as we always see this face. The other side, facing away from the earth, is the "far side".
As different regions of the moon see sunlight as it orbits the earth, it is usually incorrect to call any side the "dark side"
In alignment with the earth and sun.
The lighted half of the moon is always facing the sun. The entire dark half of the moon is facing earth at the time of "New Moon".
That's a "Full Moon".
A full moon occurs when the earth, moon, and sun are in approximate alignment, but the moon is on the opposite side of the earth, so the entire sunlit part of the moon is facing earth.
The different shapes of a moon you see from earth is calledthe different shapes of a moon is called a phases
Yes. The earth rotates around the sun. The moon rotates around the earth. What make the moon bright is sun light reflecting off its surface. When the moon is full, the side that is facing the earth is also facing the sun, thus the entire moon is lit. As the moon rotates around the earth, the side facing the earth turns away from the sun and isn't illuminated as fully; the moon moves to the next phase.
A full moon occurs when Earthlings have full view of the side of the moon that they are facing. By contrast, a new moon occurs when the entire side of the moon that is facing the Earth lies in its shadow, and is therefore unable to be seen.
There are high tides on the side of Earth facing the moon.
That's a Full Moon ... 14.77 days after the New Moon. If the moon also happens to be directly in line with Earth's shadow ... not above it or below it ... then you have a lunar eclipse at the time of the Full Moon.
You don't see the whole side of the moon because the bright side of the moon is a "reflection" of the sun.
During the entire two weeks from First Quarter to Third Quarter, more of the moon's lighted surface faces toward Earth than faces away from it.
It depends on where on the moon you are. If you are on the side of the moon facing Earth, yes. If you are on the side facing away, no. If you are on the Earth-facing side you can see Earth because there is nothing obstructing your view, and Earth is a good deal larger than the moon, which would make it a very prominent object in the sky. On the side facing away you cannot se Earth because the moon is blocking your view