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In medieval China, religion had almost nothing to do with science and technology, though astronomy was developed partly to determine auspicious dates. For the rest, science was natural curiosity, or for health, commerce or warfare.

In medieval India science seems mostly to have been driven by health and commerce such asl navigation, accounting, or Metallurgy.

In medieval Islam, science was probably the most advanced in the world at the time, influenced by sections of the Q'uran and Hadith encouraging study and understanding of the natural world, plus the cultural stimulus of access to Greek, Roman, and Indian source materials for medicine, mathematics, physics, architecture, and so on.

In medieval Europe science grew partly as a side effect of the universities which were started by the church and by leaders such as Charlemagne where theology was the primary study, but medicine and mathematics and other science was eventually introduced. This was stimulated by the influx of scientific ideas from Islam as the two civilizations were in contact primarily in rich and educated areas like Spain and the Levant, in between fighting.

In the Americas, the science of the Incas and the Mayans which we know a little about seems to have been mostly astronomy, calendars, arithmetic, and medicines, much of which was associated with religion.

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Q: What is the place of religion in medieval philosophy and science?
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