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Function of raising agents in a muffin?
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air and yeast
oxygen nitrogen carbon dioxide
avoid
Shortcrust pastry is classically made without raising agents - just plain flour, butter, salt and water.
Air expands when heated, so if you are able to get enough air bubbles into a cake batter, the batter will expand when baked. This is the process behind the leavening action of whipped eggs in a Genoise sponge.
It makes the product light and fluffy and springy and airy.
it works on the principle of refraction
If it has any raising agents in it (including self raising flour), you should cook it immediately after mixing. If it does not, it should be ok in the fridge.
Osmosis.
yema