The hypothesis states that during the formation of a star, the original nebula disk may be so massive that upon further contraction and flattening, it breaks into separate clouds (vortices) or protoplanets.
An early collision by (proto) Earth with a large protoplanet..
The protoplanet hypothesis describes the formation of planets from the dust and gas present in the early solar system. It suggests that small planetesimals collided and merged to form larger celestial bodies, eventually leading to the creation of the planets we see today.
Yes, that is how Earth's formed, it hit a large protoplanet called Theia.
Currently, the most accepted theory is that it resulted from a crash between a large planetoid (or "protoplanet") and Earth.
There are several, but one of the more popular is that a protoplanet about the size of Mars originally shared Earth's orbit. It crashed into Earth, and threw off a gigantic cloud of debris that coalesced into the Moon. If you'd like to read more about this, look up "Theia", the name given to this hypothetical protoplanet.
I think you mean "protoplanet hypothesis". In fact, astronomers usually call it the Nebular Hypothesis A protoplanet is a planet-like object that hasn't fully developed into a planet. Why that hypothesis? It's because it is the best we have to describe the origin of the solar system according to the Laws of Physics.
The protoplanet underwent differentiation, where heat caused materials to separate based on their density. The heavy elements sank to the core, while lighter materials floated to the surface, forming layers. This process is important in planetary formation as it leads to the creation of distinct layers within a planet.
An asteroid is a minor planet that can lean towards terrestrial objects such as the rocky protoplanet-asteroids of Vesta and Pallas.
No one was around at the time, so we're not really sure, but the current hypothesis in favor is called the "Giant Impact Hypothesis." It posits that a protoplanet about the same size as the current planet Mars struck the proto-Earth while it was still forming, and "splashed" a lot of rock off. This eventually formed the Moon, while the rest of this protoplanet (named Theia) joined with the Earth.
The protoplanet theory, which explains the formation of planets from a rotating disk of gas and dust surrounding a young star, was developed through the contributions of several scientists. Key figures include the physicist Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and later improvements by others such as Steven J. Desch. This theory evolved from earlier models of planetary formation and has been refined through observations and simulations of protoplanetary disks.
The primary sources of heat for protoplanets during their formation were gravitational collapse, radioactive decay of elements within the planet, and impacts from other celestial bodies. These heat sources contributed to melting the protoplanet's interior and driving geological processes like differentiation and magma ocean formation.
The planet Mercury originated from the protoplanet closest to the sun. It is one of the four rocky inner planets in our solar system.