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List 10 things about knights templar?

# For one they became a group in 1118. # Their main objective was to protect the Holy Lands and everything Holy. # The biscuit comes from Templar history, they would make large flat bread to take on trips. # Friday the 13th was when the Templar group was accused for worshipping the devil and burned at the stake. # Hugo de Payens and Godfrey de St. Omar persuaded the King of Jerusulam for their group to establish themselves and their companions in the Royal Palace. This is reputed to be where the group started. # Knights who had to be of Noble birth, or were knighted by the Grand Master for chivalry conduct. Knights would wear a Bronze Ring. # The Knights Templars are reputed to be the founders of some of the first banks, Bankers of the Levant (encompassing theHoly Land). # After his arrest on 10th October 1307, Jacques de Molay 'confessed' to many things in order to avoid the torture chamber. The trials and the 'confessions' had been proclaimed and public opinion was firmly against the Templars. The only concession the Pope was able to extract from Philip (King of France) was that all Templar holdings be returned to the Church# After the death of Jesus it is interesting to note that Mary Magdalene went to Europe and formed her own church, not based on Christianity, but the old religion of Egypt 'Isis/Osiris', believed to be the same beliefs of the Magi. Was Mary Magdalene a high priestess of the Magi? She was accompanied by disciples of the faith known as 'keepers of the faith' (Knights Templars) to guard her, it is this Order of the Knights Templar that took the true faith from the Magi of Egypt, the same faith that Jesus practiced # Their main goals are to promote:Fraternity, Friendship, Spirituality, Meditation,Charity and Chivalry. (To fund the set up of Spiritual Centres teaching Meditation & Spiritual Matters) To maintain the history of the Knights Templar and preserve Ancestral Heritage To encourage the noble ideals of Chivalry and to promote 'Nobility through deeds of Charity & Honour'.To support the poor, the sick, the unjustly accused, to stand against oppression and to protect freedom & liberty


Why did Islam expand so quickly?

through war and trading As is the Nature of all religions, the start of a religion always sees a massive expansion, persecution and growth. Compare with Christianity. The religion Islam started by a man called Muhammad (PBUH) who was believed he was the messenger from Allah. Islam was founded in 700 AD. THE LIFE OF THEHOLY PROPHET OF ISLAM This comprehensive message was conveyed in verbal revelation to the Holy Prophet of Islam over a period of approximately twenty-two years (610-632), and every aspect of it was illustrated by the Holy Prophet in his own life. He has been described in the Holy Quran as an excellent exemplar (33:22). Also, he was commanded to announce: "If you love Allah, then follow me, Allah will then love you and forgive you your faults. Allah is Most Forgiving, Ever Merciful." (3:32)This necessitated that his life should be lived in the light of day and that a full account of it should become available. It was also necessary that his life should be multi-faceted, in the sense that he should be called upon to fill a diversity of roles, and that he should fill them to perfection. He was born in Mecca in AD 570 and lived through the first third of the seventh century. A full and detailed account of his life has come down to us and is open to study and research by seekers after truth. All this could not have been contrived by the Holy Prophet on his own. At every stage and every step of his life, the hand of God was clearly visible as Protector, Guide and Helper. He was born an orphan, his father having died a few months before his birth. His mother died when he was about six years old, and his grandfather, who was his loving and devoted guardian, died when he was eight years old. He then passed into the care of his uncle, Abu Talib, brother of his father. Even at this early stage the Divine design is retrospectively perceptible that God Himself was his true Guardian. This is confirmed beyond question or cavil by the fact that though his childhood, boyhood and youth had been spent in the corrupt and debased society of Mecca, he arrived at his full maturity without the least suspicion of the slightest stain on his character. In later years, he was wont to say that before he received the Divine Call, he had little understanding of moral and spiritual values, yet Divine wisdom fully safeguarded him against every kind of lapse. He never paid homage to an idol, never ate of anything presented as offering to an idol, never touched liquor, nor gambled, nor took part in any of the frivolous activities of his fellow youths. At one period of his youth, Muhammad was employed, like other young men of his age, in tending the sheep and goats of Mecca upon the neighboring hills and valleys. On one occasion, when he was engaged in his duty in company with a lad of Quraish, he asked him to look after his flock also, so that he could go into Mecca and divert himself there as other youths were wont to divert themselves at night. But no sooner had he reached the precincts of the city than a marriage feast engaged his attention, and he soon fell asleep. On another similar occasion, he again fell asleep on his way to the city till morning. Thus he escaped temptation and no more sought after such diversions. All the authorities agree in ascribing to the youth of Muhammad a modesty of deportment and purity of manners rare among the people of Mecca. It was quite in keeping with his character that he should have shrunk from the coarse and licentious practices of his youthful compatriots. Endowed with a refined mind and delicate taste, reserved and meditative, he lived much within himself, and the ponderings of his heart supplied occupation for leisure hours spent by others of a lower stamp in rude sports and profligacy. The fair character and honorable bearing of the unobtrusive youth won the approbation of his fellow citizens; and by common consent, he received the title Al Ameen, meaning The Faithful. After the Divine Call came to him, and his message was treated with ridicule and suspicion, he was urged by God to challenge his opponents in the words: "I have spent a whole lifetime among you before this; will you not then understand?" (10:17). Not even his bitterest enemy could point to a single incident in his previous life to which exception could have been taken. When he arrived at the age of maturity, his uncle recommended him to Khadija, a wealthy, highly respected widow among Quraish, who, like most of her contemporaries, had a substantial interest in the trade caravans that travelled from Mecca to Yemen in the south, and to Syria in the north, so that she might employ him as her agent in a caravan that was about to set out for Syria. She readily agreed, and Muhammad acquitted himself so well in the discharge of his duties that she was deeply impressed by his honesty, integrity, business acumen and his pleasing and attractive personality. She had been twice married and had children from both marriages. Though approaching her fortieth year, she had, after the death of her second husband, received a number of proposals of marriage, which she had turned down. Now she made up her mind to sound Muhammad, whether he would be willing to consider a proposal of marriage. She sent one of her maids to him on this errand. Muhammad was surprised and took counsel with his uncle, who expressed himself favorable and the match was arranged. Muhammad was twenty-five years of age and thus fifteen years Khadija's junior. The marriage, despite the disparity in age and affluence, proved a very happy one. Khadija bore Muhammad several children; of these, the sons died in infancy, but the daughters grew to womanhood and in due course married. The descendents of only one daughter, Fatima, who was married to the Prophet's cousin, Ali, son of his uncle, Abu Talib, have survived. All those who today claim direct descent from the Holy Prophet are descended through Fatima and her two sons, Hasan and Husain. Muhammad was a loving and affectionate husband, showing tender regard and consideration for Khadija. When at home, he occupied himself in helping with the household tasks and taking care of his wife and children. He persuaded Khadija to give away the greater part of her wealth in charity to help the poor and the needy. It speaks highly of her character that she voluntarily agreed to a life of simplicity and benevolence in the company of her husband. She was so devoted to him and had come to admire him so deeply that when, fifteen years after their marriage, he received the Divine Call, she responded to it immediately, and was a constant source of comfort and support to him throughout the remaining ten years of their life together. As time passed, Muhammad spent more and more time in contemplation and meditation. He possessed a sensitive mind and a grave and serene disposition. He felt keenly the distress of every fellow being, and reacted very sharply to it, affording such relief and assistance as were within his power. On one occasion, he observed an old slave laboring hard to fulfil his task of drawing water in a heavy bucket for tending his master's garden. Muhammad went to his assitance and drew up a quantity of water, which gave relief to the old man for a short while, so that he could rest and husband his failing strength. Muhammad spoke cheering and comforting words to him, and on parting from him, said kindly: "Whenever you feel you are in need of help, you may call on Muhammad." Many such incidents are on record. What affected his mind most deeply and painfully, however, was the moral and spiritual decline into which his people had fallen, and from which he could see no way of rescuing them, save through Divine guidance and help. For the purpose of communing with himself and imploring the light and guidance of the Supreme Being concerning the problems that troubled his mind and soul, he formed the habit of retiring, for several days at a time, to one of the hills a few miles out of Mecca. There he occupied himself in prayer and contemplation. Taking with him a modest supply of dates and water, he would spend his days and nights in selfexamination, in reflecting on the problems that troubled him, and in prayer and supplication to God. There is no record of the struggle that went on in his soul during this period of retreat. In the nature of things, it is not granted to any of us to probe into the depths of another's soul, to appriase accurately and completely its travail and its ecstasies. This is a holy secret between each individual and his Maker. Those years were, however, years of preparation, when Muhammad's soul was being deepened and proved and made ready for the heavy responsibility that the Divine will had decreed should be placed on him. Concerning Moses, it is said in the Quran: "I wrapped thee with love from Me, and this I did that thou mightst be reared before My eye... We proved thee in various ways... then thou camest up to the standard, 0 Moses, and I chose Thee for Myself." (20:40-42)As with Moses, so with Muhammad. He is reminded of this in the Quran: "Did He not find thee an orphan and take thee under His protection? Did He not find thee perplexed in search of Him and guide thee unto Himself? Did He not find thee in want and provide thee with abundance?" (93:7-9)The Commencement of Revelation Muhammad was forty years old when the Divine Call came to him in his retreat in Hira, to which he was in the habit of repairing for prayer and contemplation. He beheld a gracious Presence, who asked him to recite. Muhammad answered that he knew not how to recite. The. Presence insisted: "Recite in the name of thy Lord Who created; created man from a clot of blood. Recite! Thy Lord is the Most Beneficent, Who taught man by the pen, taught him what he knew not. " (96:2-6) Muhammad repeated the words as commanded. The Presence then vanished. Overpowered by the experience, Muhammad immediately made his way home, all atremble. He told Khadija what had happened, and expressed fearful apprehension whether a frail human being like himself would prove equal to the heavy responsibility that the incident portended God was about to lay upon him. 'Surely, God will not suffer thee to fail,' was Khadija's comforting response. 'Thou art kind and considerate towards thy kin. Thou helpest the poor and forlorn and bearest their burdens. Thou strivest to restore the high moral qualities that thy people have lost. Thou honorest the guest and goest to the assistance of those in distress.' At Khadija's suggestion, Muhammad accompanied her to her aged cousin, Waraqa, who was a Christian hermit, and related the experience to him. Waraqa assured him, 'The Angel that descended on Moses hath descended on thee. I wish I would be alive to give thee my support when thy people turn thee out.' 'Will they turn me out?' Muhammad exclaimed in surprise. 'Never has that come to any which has come to thee,' Waraqa replied, 'but that his people have turned against him.' Possibly Waraq's reference to Moses was prompted by the prophecy: "I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren like unto thee, and I will put My words in his mouth; and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him. And it shall come to pass that whosoever will not hearken unto My words which he shall speak in My name, I will require it of him." (Deut. 18:18-19)It is striking that the very first revelation that came to the Prophet commanded him: "Recite in the name of thy Lord. " Also, every chapter of the Quran opens with: "In the name of God, Most Gracious, Ever Merciful" For a while there was no further experience of the same kind; but after an interval the Prophet began to receive revelation at brief intervals. He has described the experience vividly in these words: "Revelation comes to me in different ways. Sometimes the words strike directly at my heart, like the ringing of a bell, this is physically hard on me. Sometimes I hear the words as if spoken from behind a veil. At other times I see a Presence that speaks the words to me." This is confirmed by the Quran (42:52-52). Four persons believed in the Prophet from the very outset: his wife, Khadija; his young cousin, Ali, son of his uncle, Abu Talib, a lad only eleven years of age; his freed man, Zaid, and his closest friend, Abu Bakr. These four joined the Prophet and undertook to help him spread the Divine Light. When this become known to the Meccans, they laughed in derision. But they did not laugh long. Verse by verse, the revelation proceeded, until some wondered, and one by one began to be drawn to it. Soon mockery gave way to active concern. The Meccans began to feel that the message Muhammad proclaimed, of the Oneness of God, threatened their whole way of life and their very means of subsistence. If the worship of idols was abandoned, they reasoned, Mecca would cease to be a resort for pilgrims, and lose its position as a leading town, and would see its main industry wither. Even the trade caravans might be diverted from Mecca. It was, therefore, resolved to suppress this threat to their established way of life and to their prosperity. The new doctrine made a strong appeal to the weak and the oppressed. The slaves, who suffered extreme hardship and indignity, began to hope that the Prophet's message might bring deliverance to them. Women, who were in some respects esteemed lower than animals, began to look up, and felt that the time was nigh when they might gain a position of dignity and honor beside their fathers, husbands, and sons. Young men were inspired with visions of a noble and dignified existence. The early converts came from the ranks of such as these. As the little band grew in number, the Meccans embarked upon a course of persecution which grew more cruel and savage as time passed, but their efforts failed to arrest the progress of the new doctrine of the Unity of God, the dignity and equality of man, and the lofty and noble goal of human existence. Opposition and PersecutionQuraish, becoming more and more apprehensive of the inroads being made by the new doctrine, sent a delegation to Abu Talib, the Prophet's uncle, to whom they explained that though his nephew's denunciation of idol worship was intolerable to them, they had so far refrained from taking any extreme measure against him out of respect for Abu Talib. Would he not persuade his nephew to give up preaching the new doctrine, perhaps on pain of being disowned? They made it plain that if Abu Talib did not adopt this course, they would be compelled to disown him. Abu Talib spoke to his nephew, conveying to him what the delegation had said, but he replied firmly that while he lamented his uncle's dilemma, he was under Divine orders which he could not disobey. "Do not give up your people, uncle", said Muhammad. "I do not ask you to stand by me. You may disown me as they have suggested. As for me, the One and Only God is my Witness when I say that if they were to place the sun on my right and the moon on my left, I would not desist from preaching the truth that God commands. I must go on doing so until the end." Abu Talib plunged into deep thought. He was not ready to declare his faith in the Prophet's message, but he was very fond of him and must have felt a surge of pride at his firm and noble resolve to carry out his mission as commanded by God. Finally, he raised his head, and said: "Son of my brother, go thy way; do thy duty as thou seest it; my people may disown me, but I shall stand by thee." The tempo of persecution continued to mount and the Prophet advised those of his followers who could do so to leave Mecca and migrate across the Red Sea to Abyssinia, where they would find conditions more bearable under the rule of the Christian Emperor. A small band under the leadership of a cousin of the Prophet departed for Abyssinia. A delegation of Quraish followed them, demanding of the Emperor that the fugitives be delivered to them. The Emperor heard both sides and rejected the demand of the Meccans. About this time, the persecuted and harassed Muslims of Mecca received some support and encouragement from the adherence of Umar, and Hamza, uncle of the Prophet, to Islam. But these conversions did not bring about any change in the attitude of the Meccans. Umar was treated in the same manner as the rest of the Muslims. Indeed, the persecution grew more bitter and intense. Aiming to starve them out, a complete boycott of the Muslims together with all members of the Prophet's family was instituted. They were blockaded within a narrow defile belonging to Abu Talib. All contact with them for any purpose whatever was forbidden. This imposed great hardship, particularly on children and old people. This terrible situation continued for nearly three years, when some leading Meccans reacted against the savagery and inhumanity of their fellow citizens, and let it be known that they would invite the Prophet and his companions to come out of their place of confinement and go about their business as before. Thus was the blockade lifted. But the privation and hardship endured during the blockade had gravely affected the health of both Khadija and Abu Talib. Khadija died within a few days, and Abu Talib's end came a month thereafter. The death of his faithful and beloved wife left the Prophet bereft of his principal source of earthly comfort and consolation, and the death of his uncle expos- ed him to greater ill-treatment and persecution. In dozens of ways, his opponents made it almost impossible for him to leave his house to carry his message to any section of the people of Mecca or to those who might be on a visit there. In this situation, the Prophet decided to carry his message to Taif, a town about sixty miles south-east of Mecca, which was also a resort of pilgrimage and was more pleasantly situated than Mecca itself. On his journey to Taif, he was accompanied by Zaid, his freed man. In Taif, the leading townsmen received the Prophet and let him have his say freely, but paid little heed to his message. After a while, they began to show signs of apprehension lest his presence in Taif might embroil them with the Meccans, with whom they had trade relations, and whose friendship they valued. So they left him to be dealt with by street urchins and the riff-raff of the town. The Prophet and his companion were finally turned out by mocking and jeering crowds who pelted them with stones. Both were wounded and bleeding as they left Taif behind them. The Prophet was now in a ver difficult situation. He had left Mecca and he had been rejected by Taif. Under Meccan custom, he could not go back there unless his re-entry was sponsored by some leading Meccan. There was nowhere else to go. He prayed earnestly for light, guidance, and help, and then set out with Zaid on the return journey to Mecca. He stopped on the way at Nakhla, and sent word to Mut'am bin Adi, a leading Meccan, asking whether he would sponsor his reentry into Mecca. Mut'am agreed, and the Prophet and Zaid thus returned to Mecca. But the situation in Mecca was as hostile and difficult as it had been when he had left it. His prayers and the revelation that came to him steadily, containing assurances of Divine help and final triumph, were his only source of consolation and strength. The latest revelations began to hint at the necessity for him to leave Mecca. It was the town of his birth, where he had spent the whole of his life, and married, where his children had been born, and where the Divine call had come to him. Despite the bitter and cruel persecution that he and his followers continued to suffer, its people were dear to him and he knew that the parting, whenever it came, would be hard for him to bear. But his life was completely dedicated to his mission and he was ready to carry out in good spirit whatever might be God's pleasure concerning him. The painful prospect of having to leave Mecca was, however, softened by the Divine assurance that God would surely bring him back to it (28:86). Invitation from MedinaIn the eyes of the worldly, the Prophet had arrived at a dead end. The chances of his success and of the acceptance of his message were nil. But he was steadfast, and was confident that God would open a way. It had been his custom to make contact with parties from other parts of the country who visited Mecca on the occasion of the annual pilgrimage, and to try to interest them in his mission and message. On one such occasion, he met a party of six pilgrims from Medina, then known as Yathrib, who were encamped in a valley outside Mecca. At that time, Medina was inhabited by two Arab and three principal Jewish tribes. The Arab tribes, Aus and Khazraj, were pagan idol worshippers, but had to some degree become familiar with the Jewish traditions. They had heard from their Jewish fellow townsmen that they were expecting the advent of a Prophet which had been foretold in their Scriptures (Deut. 18:18). The men whom the Prophet encountered on this occasion belonged to the Khazraj tribe. When he told them that God had appointed him His Messenger, and had charged him with a message for mankind, they gave him a ready and eager hearing. They were convinced of his truth and declared their faith in him and in his message, agreeing to convey it to their fellow townsmen upon their return to Medina. The next year, twelve of them, representing both Aus and Kharaj, who were persuaded of the truth of the Prophet, came on pilgrimage and had a secret meeting with him in which they formally pledged their allegiance to him. They also requested him to send someone to Medina who might instruct them in the doctrine and teachings of Islam and help them to carry the Prophet's message to their brethren. The Prophet chose Mus'ab bin Umair for this purpose and dispatched him to Medina. When the next season of the pilgrimage came, a large and representative delegation from Medina, seventy men and two women, met the Prophet and assured him that not only were their people in Medina ready to receive and give shelter to their brethren in faith from Mecca, but that they were eager and would be greatly honored to receive the Prophet himself if he decided to go to Medina. On this occasion, the Prophet was accompanied by his uncle, Abbas, who though he had not yet accepted Islam, was fond of the Prophet and was anxious for his safety. He warned the Medina delegation that they were undertaking a heavy responsibility in inviting the Prophet to Medina. The leader of the delegation replied that they had carefully considered all the implications involved in their invitation, and they would guard the Prophet with their lives. The Prophet decided that the Muslims of Mecca would migrate to Medina, and that for himself he would await God's command. The MigrationUnder the Prophet's direction, the Muslims in Mecca began to proceed to Medina quietly and without creating any stir. After a short period, the only adult male Muslims left in Mecca, besides the Prophet, were Abu Bakr and Ali, and a handful of slaves, who had no choice in the matter. Quraish took alarm that the Prophet might soon move beyond their reach, and they resolved to put a violent end to him on a particular night. At this point, the Prophet received God's command to leave Mecca, and he did so in company with Abu Bakr. When it was discovered that the Prophet had left Mecca, the Quraish organized a party to pursue him and Abu Bakr. Guided by a tracker, the party arrived outside the cave in which the two fugitives had taken shelter. The tracker assured them that the fugitives had not gone any further. He was ridiculed, as there was nowhere for anyone to go except inside the cave, and this possibility they ruled out. Who would take the risk of serious bodily harm, and possibly death, from the vipers and reptiles that abounded inside and around the cave? Abu Bakr heard the voices of Quraish in altercation and was much afraid that if their hiding place was discovered, serious harm might befall the Prophet. When he mentioned his fear, the Prophet replied: Have no fear. We are not only two, there is a third with us, i.e., God (9:40). The pursuers returned to Mecca, foiled in their immediate objective, but firm in their purpose. They announced that anyone who brought back the Prophet, alive or dead, would receive a reward of one hundred camels. This was widely proclaimed in all directions. The Prophet and Abu Bakr spent two nights in the cave and on the third left for Medina accompanied by a trusted servant of Abu Bakr and a guide. Ten days after leaving Mecca, the party arrived within sight of Medina and were joyfully welcomed by the Muslims from Medina and those from Mecca who had preceded them. The Prophet decided to stop for a few days in Quba, a suburb of Medina, and then proceed to Medina. On arrival in Medina, his first act was to purchase the site where his camel had stopped, for the purpose of building a mosque thereon. He then accepted the offer of a Muslim whose house was nearest to the selected site to put him up temporarily, while the mosque and his own quarters next to it were being built. With the arrival of the Prophet in Medina, Islam began to spread rapidly among the two Arab tribes of the town. But, as often happens in a mass movement, not all who declared their adherence to the faith were inspired by sincerity and high ideals. It was, however, generally felt that the Prophet was the most appropriate person, in the conditions and circumstances of Medina, to take the responsibility of administering the affairs of Medina. Under his direction, a covenant was drawn up which was subscribed to both by Arabs and Jews. A common citizenship of Medina was established and conditions were prescribed for the regulation of the affairs of the town as well as for organizing its internal order and external security. It was agreed that the internal affairs of each section would be regulated according to its laws and customs, but that if the security of Medina was threatened from outside, all sections would co-operate with each other in its defense. No section would enter into any separate treaty relations with any outside tribe, nor would any section be compelled to join in any fighting that might take place outside Medina. The final determination of disputes would be referred to the Prophet and his decision would be accepted and carried out. Thus, the already heavy responsibilities of the Prophet were augmented by the problems related to the administration of the affair of Medina. Abdullah bin Ubayy, Chief of Khazraj, was deeply chagrined at the loss of a crown, which, before the arrival of the Prophet, he had thought was assured for him. He became the leader of the disaffected party in Medina who became known as the hypocrites. The Jews on their part were not well disposed towards the Prophet. They were, it is true, awaiting the advent of a Prophet foretold in their scriptures (Deut. 18:18), but they felt that to accept an Arab as fulfilment of that Prophecy would raise the prestige of the Arabs above that of the Jews in the religious and spiritual spheres and this, as Jehovah's chosen people, they were not prepared to tolerate. While not daring to oppose the Prophetopenly, they let no opportunity pass of intriguing and conspiring against him and the Muslims, both inside Medina and outside.To the internal problems of Medina and the dangers and hazardsconfronting the Muslims, and most of all the Prophet himself, a formidable threat was soon added from Mecca. When the Meccans learned that the Prophet had arrived safely at Medina, they resolved to adopt coercive measures to secure his expulsion from Medina. They addressed a letter to Abdullah bin Ubayy, warning him and the people of Medina that if they did not expel Muhammad from the city, or, failing that, did not take up against him and the Muslims, jointly with the Meccans, the Meccans would invade Medina with a mighty force and put to the sword all its male adults and enslave all its women. On receipt of this ultimatum, Abdullah held a secret council of his supporters proposed that, in view of the Meccan threat, the only course open to them was to force the Prophet and his followers to leave When news of this reached the Prophet, he went to Abdullah and tried to dissuade him from embarking on such a course pointing out that any such adventure could lead only to is own ruin. For the time being, Abdullah forbore, but he never abandoned the hope that an opportunity might arise when he could take measures to rid Medina of the Prophet and the Muslims, and secure his own recognition as the chief and ruler of Medina. Thus the stage was set for open warfare between the Meccans and the Muslims in Medina. All the great qualities of the Holy Prophet were now challenged and came into play. Though God's promise of succour for, and ultimate triumph of, Islam was wholly true and completely to be depended upon, God required that every effort be put forth in support of the cause. Therein lies the secret of the strength of Islam as a faith. The fullest confidence in, and reliance upon, God's grace and help, and the putting forth of the utmost effort that man is capable of, both these in combination, as taught by God Himself, help to achieve the goal. All success in every beneficent endeavor comes from God, but it follows upon sincere and steadfast effort combined with perfect trust and humble supplication to God. The Battle of BadrSpace would not permit of even the briefest reference to all the precautions that the Holy Prophet took, and all the measures that he adopted, for the building up of the Muslim community, for the security of Medina, and for the ultimate triumph of the faith. By way of illustration, however, a brief account might be set out of the first battle fought out in Islam. About a year after the Emigration, intelligence began to reach the Prophet that the Meccans were preparing a strong force to advance upon Medina. Their pretext was that one of their large caravans returning fromarms Syria was likely to be attacked by the Muslims at a point near Medina, and that an adequate force had to proceed north to secure its safe passage. They may have been genuinely apprehensive concerning the caravan, in view of their declared objective of putting and an end to the Prophet and the Muslims by use of force. It was a large caravan, carrying valuable merchandise and was accom- panied by a sizeable armed guard. By the time the Meccan army set out on its march north, however, news arrived that the caravan had passed safely through the danger zone. Nevertheless, the Meccan army continued its march in the direction of Medina. On the side of the Muslims, permission to take up arms in defense having been accorded in Divine revelation (22:40-42), the Prophet assembled a force of just over three hundred Muslims from Mecca and Medina, and marched out with them. This heterogeneous body -- it scarcely deserved the designation 'force' -- was united only by the common bond of faith and the determination to die in defense of it. It included some of the older Meccan Muslims who were good fighters, but the greater number were young men who had had little, if any, combat experience. Their devotion to the faith and their zeal in its support were their only qualifications. Ill-armed, in poor physical condition, with but two horses, and.a few camels, they presented a pitiful contrast to the Meccan army, which consisted of a thousand tried warriors, well-armed, and well-mounted. After a march of three days, the Muslims arrived at Badr and took up their position near a well. The ground underfoot was sandy and the few experienced fighters in the group were apprehensive that this would be a serious handicap during battle, as the sand would not permit easy and rapid movement. The Meccan army on its arrival took up a position opposite on firm clay soil. Night set in. The Prophet spent the greater part of it in earnest prayer and supplication. He had firm faith in every Divine promise, but he also realized fully the complete supremacy of the Divine Being and the many weaknesses that beset mortals. He prayed for success; he prayed for strength; he prayed for steadfastness for himself and those with him. Part of his prayer during that fateful night has come down to us. It reveals the core of his anxiety: "Lord, if Thou wilt suffer this little band to perish, Thy Holy Name will no more be glorified on earth and there will be none left to worship Thy Majesty in true sincerity." The morning approached. There had been a shower of rain which firmed the sand underfoot while turning the clay into slippery mud, and the Muslims were comforted and encouraged. They beheld, in hope and fear, the dawn of the day which was to decide the issue of the most fateful contest ever waged in the history of man between the forces of truth and righteousness, and those of falsehood and ignorance. The Prophet drew up his men in battle array and, leaving them with his instructions, retired again to supplicate the Divine. He was prostrate before his Lord in agony when the general fighting began. Abu Bakr approached him and put a gentle hand on his shoulder, saying: Messenger of Allah, thou hast prayed enough. The Prophet raised himself and announced that God had just given him to understand that the time had arrived for the fulfilment of the prophecy revealed sometime earlier at Mecca: "The hosts shall be routed and will turn their backs in flight. Aye, the Hour is their appointed time; and the Hour will be most calamitous and most bitter. " (54:46-47).The Muslims had their backs to the rising sun, while it shone on the faces of Quraish. For a short while the advantage appeared to be with Quraish on account of the superiority of their numbers and equipment. The Holy Prophet took up a handful of gravel and sand and threw it in the direction of the enemy. Immediately a fierce gust of wind began to blow gravel and sand into the faces of Quraish, which almost blinded them, and made their movements erratic and ineffective. The issue now was no longer in doubt. The flower of chivalry of Quraish was soon left upon the field, dead and dying. Seventy, all leading men of Quraish, including Abu Jahl, were killed and an equal number taken prisoner, including the Prophet's uncle, Abbas, and one of his sons-in-law. Of the Muslims, fourteen, six Emigrants and eight Ansar, became martyrs but none was taken prisoner. The Prophet, while giving thanks to God for the great deliverance which He had vouchsafed, was deeply grieved that so many of Quraish had perished in pursuit of their vain purpose. There was much debate as to the fate of the prisoners. According to Arab custom, they could have been dispatched imediately; but the Prophet determined that those who could offer suitable ransom would be released on payment of ransom, and those who could not offer ransom would be released as an act of grace. The ransom of such prisoners as were literate was fixed at teaching ten Muslim boys to read and write. When the news of the catastrophe reached Mecca, there was mourning in every house. But all customary lamentations and other expressions and exhibitions of grief were forbidden by the Elders till Quraish had had time to reorganize their forces and to avenge the disastrous defeat. The profits gained by the caravan that had arrived safely in Mecca were not distributed, but were reserved for the purpose of equipping another force against the Muslims. There is no other instance in human history of such a clear and decisive Divine Sign in support of truth against falsehood. The grave disparity in all respects between the opposing forces predicated the certain and utter ruin of the weaker side. Except for the succour and grace of God, there can be no feasible explana- tion of the disaster that overtook Quraish. The unequal struggle would continue for another four years, but there is no doubt that the spine of the vaunted might of Quraish was effectively broken in the field of Badr. Opposition ContinuesA year later, at Uhud, the disparity in numbers and equipment was even more striking than at Badr, yet in the beginning of the battle the Muslims put the enemy to flight; but owing to a grave default on the part of a small group, the triumph was converted into near disaster for the Muslims. Even so, Quraish failed to take advantage of the situation which had placed Medina at their mercy and returned to Mecca without the achievement of their ultimate purpose. Viewing with grave alarm the increasing strength of the Prophet and the Muslims, and the slow but steady progress of Islam, Quraish now had recourse to calling in aid the large number of tribes whom their hostile propaganda had converted into bitter enemies of Islam. A mighty host, numbering between eighteen and twenty thousand, now advanced against Medina with the determined purpose of putting an end, finally, to what they conceived to be a grave threat to their way of life and to all that which had value in their eyes. On arrival near Medina they discovered that their advance on the city was barred by a wide trench, which was manned by the Muslims at various places on its inner side. Chagrined, but not discouraged, they laid siege to Medina. The siege continued for nearly three weeks and imposed unendurable suffering and hardship upon the inhabitants of the city. There was little fighting, except whenever a party of Quraish made an attempt to cross the trench. Each such attempt was gallantly foiled by the Muslims. Yet the Muslims were reduced to such a state of weakness and helplessness, that from the purely human point of view, they could not imagine that any chance of their deliverance might still be available. To add to the anxiety and concern of the Holy Prophet, he received intimation that the only remaining Jewish tribe in Medina had yielded to the solicitations of Quraish and had agreed to attack the Muslims in the rear while the confederate army mounted a joint attack all along the trench in front. The Muslims would thus be crushed between the upper millstone of the confederate forces and the nether millstone of Banu Quraidah, the Jewish tribe, who had treacherously, contrary to their covenant, gone over to the enemy. The situation was one of utter hopelessness and despair for the Muslims, but for their firm faith in God and His promise of security. About the middle of the night, a fierce storm began to blow, which threw the entire camp of the confederates into utter confusion. They were so terrified that they felt that there was no security for them except in flight. By the break of dawn, not one of them was left within visible distance of the trench. This was the end of the armed aggression of Quraish against the Muslims. These were, however, only the highlights of the struggle which had throughout the years continued to erupt in every shape and form, including treachery, deceit and ambush. All such attempts were frustrated by the foresight and wisdom of the Holy Prophet who spared no effort in safeguarding the security of those who had been entrusted into his care. Yet that was not his only, or even his main, purpose. This type of struggle was not of his seeking, but had been forced upon him against his will. Through all this, he continued to pursue his main purpose which was the propagation of the Unity of the Divine and the training of his people in the beneficent values of Islam which pervade every aspect of human life. In the sixth year after his Emigration from Mecca to Medina, a truce was arranged with Quraish at Hudaibiyya, for a period of ten years, the terms of which, even in the eyes of the Muslims, were utterly unequal and were even humiliating for them. But the Holy Prophet knew better and it soon became clear that the truce had opened wide avenues for the spread and progress of Islam. Within less than two years, Quraish committed a glaring breach of the terms of the truce, by a party of them attacking and ravaging a tribe in alliance with the Muslims. On the entreaty of the oppressed tribe, the Holy Prophet marched against Mecca at the head of ten thousand devoted Muslims. Quraish realized that no way of deliverance was left to them. They threw themselves upon the mercy of the Holy Prophet. All the scorn and ridicule poured on him by the Meccans in his early years; their implacable hatred and enmity; the long years of bitter, cruel, and sustained persecution; all the fighting, the hardship and suffering; the loss of dear and devoted Companions -- all, all was in the moment of triumph laid aside, banished from the mind and forgiven in the name of the Lord on High, the Gracious, the Merciful, the Creator and Master of all. The gates of love and mercy were opened wide. Bitter enemies of the morning became warm friends by midday. Some hearts were still sullen; the humiliation, though softened by magnanimity, was hard to endure, but even these could not long withstand the healing effect of the balm so generously and so beneficently applied by the Prophet. History furnishes no parallel instance of such complete forgiveness, such utter beneficence, on so large a scale. Mecca had fallen, but this did not bring peace. Within less than a month, while the Prophet was still in Mecca, he had to go forth to face a huge army of hostile tribes at Hunain. The battle, even before it was fairly joined, took an adverse course, and the Muslim forces were thrown into utter confusion. They were, however, soon rallied and the fighting that ensued ended in complete victory for them. A very large number of prisoners was taken and enormous booty fell into the hands of the Muslims. Eventually, the prisoners were all freed without ransom and out of the spoils munificent largesses were bestowed upon the Meccans, some of whom had not even embraced Islam. Taif still stood out, and though the Jewish stronghold at Khaibar which had long been the center of intrigue against the Muslims had been subdued earlier, danger still threatened from the north. There were persistent rumors, subsequently discovered as originating in malice, that a large force was gathering on the border of Syria with hostile intent. In the face of great difficulties, the Prophet assembled a force and marched to the border of Syria. Arrived there, he dispatched parties in different directions to report on the situation. These returned and reported that they had not observed any concentrations anywhere. Being reassured, the Prophet decided to return to Medina, stopping only for a few days to conclude peace treaties with some tribes on the border. There was no fighting. Delegations now poured in from all parts of Arabia offering submission and announcing acceptance of Islam. Pilgrimage to MeccaIn the eleventh year of the Hijra, the Prophet decided to go on pilgrimage to Mecca. On the day of pilgrimage, there was assembled in the valley of Arafat a concourse of a hundred thousand devout pilgrims. Muhammad, the chosen of Allah; re- jected by Quarish; persecuted; boycott,ed; hounded out of Taif; forced out of Mecca with a price of one hundred camels proclaimed for his person, dead or alive; pursued by the hatred of Quraish even in Medina; challenged by force, besieged, plotted against; faithful, loyal, steadfast, humble, obedient servant of Allah; His Messenger par excellence was now surrounded by an ocean of faithful, devoted hearts, all proclaiming the glory of Allah, celebrating His praise, affirming His Unity, supplicating Him for forgiveness, mercy, compassion; and invoking His blessings on Muhammad. The Prophet proceeded on his camel, Qaswa, to the Mount of Mercy, and standing on the back of Qaswa, made his address of farewell. After the recitation of the Shahadah, he said that he did not know whether he would be able to meet them again on the occasion of the pilgrimage, and he asked them to lend an attentive ear to what he had to say. He went on to admonish them to order their lives in accordance with the commandments of God; to take particular care that no trespass was committed against any person in respect of his life, property, or honor; to treat women with due regard and consideration, fully observing their rights, which corresponded to the rights that men had. He expressed solicitude for the welfare of the prisoners of war, some of whom they still had among them, saying that they must be accorded the same treatment as was due to the members of their families. He stressed that all human beings were equal, whatever their individual status, and that no one could claim any privilege or superiority against any other. He ended by asking them to hold fast to the Unity of God, and to the principal articles of faith. He then inquired whether he had conveyed God's message to them and had discharged his trust. There was a deafening and repeated response that he had. He asked those present to convey what he had said to those who were not present on the occasion. At the end of his address, he received the revelation: "This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favor unto you and have chosen for you Islam as your faith. " (5:4)This was a clear indication that his mission having been fulfilled, he should now prepare for his return to his Lord. It was time for prayer and the Prophet led the combined noon and afternoon Prayer services. Thereafter he again mounted Qaswa and returning to the vicinity of the Mount of Mercy, among the boulders, he stood on the back of Qaswa, facing in the direction of the Ka'aba, and raising his arms, became absorbed in entreaty and supplication in the attitude of one who, sore troubled and distressed, begged for mercy. He continued thus till sunset. The pilgrimage over, the Prophet returned to Medina and occupied every available moment with expounding and teaching the principles of Islam and the philosophy that lay behind them, and with urging the Muslims to order their lives accordingly. One day he announced that he had received the revelation: "The help of Allah having come, and the victory, and thou having witnessed men entering the religion of Allah in large groups, celebrate the praises of thy Lord, and seek His forgiveness for their frailties. Surely, He is Oft- Returning with compassion." (110:2-4) Hearing this, Abu Bakr was overcome by emotion and exclaimed: Were it possible, we would ransom thee with our fathers, our mothers and ourselves; upon which the Prophet observed: If it were permissible to love a human being with the heart's full devotion, I would have so loved Abu Bakr; but such love is only for God. He went on to add that all doors that opened into the courtyard of the mosque should be closed, except the door of Abu Bakr. Soon the Prophet fell ill. For some days, despite his illness, he continued to lead the Prayers, but when he became too weak to do so, he directed that Abu Bakr should lead the Prayers in his place. The Holy Prophet passes awayThe end approached. The Prophet expressed great anxiety lest after his death his followers might be tempted to have recourse to practices which might assign to him a position above that of a human being, as had been done in the case of some previous Prophets by their followers. He impressed repeatedly upon those who visited him that he was but a human being to whom God had vouchsafed revelation for the guidance of mankind. He breathed his last with the words: "To the Companionship On High, to the Companionship On High." The Prophet's death struck the Muslims as a fearful calamity, and they were crushed with grief. Umar drew his sword and said he would cut off the head of any who dared to assert that the Prophet was dead; he could not die. Abu Bakr arrived. Entering the chamber where the Prophet's body lay, he kissed it on the forehead, and said: God will not inflict two deaths upon thee. He then came out and asked Umar to desist while he addressed the people briefly. He recited from the Holy Quran: "Muhammad is but a Messenger. All Messengers have passed away before him. If then he die or be slain, will you turn back on your heels?" (3:145)He added: Harken, he who worshipped Muhammad should know that Muhammad is dead, but he who worships God should remember that God is Ever-Living and does not die. Thus ended a life that has stood unmatched in every respect in human history. Conclusion"Philosopher, orator, apostle, legislator, warrior, conqueror, of ideas, restorer of rational dogmas; the founder of twenty terrestrial empires and of one spiritual empire, that is Muhammad. As regards all standards by which human greatness may be measured, we may ask, is there any man greater than he?" (Lamartine, History of Turkey, p.276) "If the object of religion be the inculcation of morals, the diminution of evil, the promotion of human happiness, the expansion of the human intellect; if the performance of good works will avail on the Great Day when mankind shall be summoned to its final reckoning, it is neither irrelevant nor unreasonable to admit that Muhammad was indeed an Apostle of God." (S. P. Scott, History of Moorish Empire in Europe, p.126).Muhammad left an enduring impress upon a large mass of mankind. He indeed proved an excellent exemplar, as God had described him in the Quran (33:22). God proclaimed: "Allah sends down His blessings on the Prophet, and His angels constantly invoke blessings on him; do you, 0 believers, also invoke Allah's blessings on him and offer him the salutation of peace. " (33:57)In obedience to this Divine command, all through the centuries, Muslims have constantly prayed for, and invoked Allah's blessings upon, the Prophet. There are, today, more than 800 million Muslims in different parts of the world, and the number is daily increasing. An average Muslim invokes God's blessings on the Prophet at least forty times during the course of each day, and many of them do it much oftener. Every time the Prophet is referred to in conversation by name or by his Prophetic office, Allah's blessings are invoked upon him and Allah's peace is called down upon him. Thus every moment of the night and day, millions of hearts supplicate the Almighty for His blessings on His Prophet. One who devoted his life so utterly to the service of God and His creatures, as did the Prophet, is deserving of the deepest gratitude on the part of the whole of mankind. By constantly invoking the blessings of God upon him, those who do so seek to repay a fraction of the great debt that humanity owes him. His greatest follower and most devoted servant in modern times, the Promished Messiah, has summed up the proof of the truth of the Holy Prophet, and the perfection of the faith that he taught in two Persian verses which may be rendered as follows: "Unlettered, yet matchless in respect of his inner learning and wisdom. What brighter proof can there be of his truth? "My eye has roamed far afield and has not observed any spring purer than the faith that he inculcated."Our last word is: All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of the worlds. .


Related questions

Who are theholy trinity in Manchester united?

law,best,charlton


Who are theholy trinity?

The Holy Trinity, as taught by Christian theology is three coeternal Persons, coequal in dignity and power: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit united in the Godhead. The three Persons, though distinct and unique, are one in Being, substance, nature, and essence. Christianity maintains that this mystery of three Persons with one substance cannot be fully or logically understood by created beings.


How did William Shakespeare die and were was he buried?

AnswerWilliam Shakespeare died on 23rd April 1616 and was buried at theHoly Trinity ChurchyardStratford-upon-AvonWarwickshire, EnglandPlot: The Chancel


When did the Christian Era begin?

Ater jesus died the romans forrbid christianity. Until the emporer created theholy roman empire and people started to notice the true religion which is christianity. That completely struck the begining of medieval times and the massive conversion of christianity from palestine to ireland. The only non christian europiens were the pagan vikings and the muslim moors. That is one of the reasons I love medieval times. It got so big that even the vikings converted to christianity. And I doubt the moors would have given up allah if they weren't destroyed first. Now every country has at least 150 christians.


What Recent miracle in Egypt Broadcast on CBS?

We really don't understand real persecution, do we?)A Muslim man in Egypt killed his wife because she was reading the Bibleand then buried her with their infant baby and an 8-year old daughter.The girls were buried alive! He then reported to the police that anuncle killed the kids. 15 days later, another family member died. Whenthey went to bury him, they found the 2 little girls under the sand...ALIVE!The country is outraged over the incident, and the man will be executed.The older girl was asked how she had survived and she says: 'A manwearing shiny white clothes, with bleeding wounds in his hands, cameevery day to feed us. He woke up my mom so she could nurse my sister,'she said. She was interviewed on Egyptian national TV, by availed Muslimwoman news anchor.She said on public TV, 'This was none other than Jesus, because nobodyelse does things like this!' Muslims believe Isa (Jesus) would do this,but the wounds mean He really was crucified, and it's clear also that Heis alive! But, it's also clear that the child could not make up a storylike this, and there is no way these children could have survivedwithout a true miracle. Muslim leaders are going to have a hard time tofigure out what to do with this, and the popularity of the Passion moviedoesn't help! With Egypt at the center of the media and education in theMiddle East, you can be sure this story will spread..Christ is still turning the world upside down! Please let this story beshared. The Lord says, 'I will bless the person who puts his trust inme. 'Jeremiah 17.Please forward to all on your list and God will reward you abundantly!Mark 8:38 which says, 'Therefore whosoever shall be ashamed of Me and myWords in this adulterous and sinful generation, the Son of Man shallalso be ashamed of him when He comes in the glory of His Father with theholy angels'.Don't worry if those you have forwarded will respond or do anything withthis message, just fulfill your part and shake off your dust...!Jesus loves you..!


List 10 things about knights templar?

# For one they became a group in 1118. # Their main objective was to protect the Holy Lands and everything Holy. # The biscuit comes from Templar history, they would make large flat bread to take on trips. # Friday the 13th was when the Templar group was accused for worshipping the devil and burned at the stake. # Hugo de Payens and Godfrey de St. Omar persuaded the King of Jerusulam for their group to establish themselves and their companions in the Royal Palace. This is reputed to be where the group started. # Knights who had to be of Noble birth, or were knighted by the Grand Master for chivalry conduct. Knights would wear a Bronze Ring. # The Knights Templars are reputed to be the founders of some of the first banks, Bankers of the Levant (encompassing theHoly Land). # After his arrest on 10th October 1307, Jacques de Molay 'confessed' to many things in order to avoid the torture chamber. The trials and the 'confessions' had been proclaimed and public opinion was firmly against the Templars. The only concession the Pope was able to extract from Philip (King of France) was that all Templar holdings be returned to the Church# After the death of Jesus it is interesting to note that Mary Magdalene went to Europe and formed her own church, not based on Christianity, but the old religion of Egypt 'Isis/Osiris', believed to be the same beliefs of the Magi. Was Mary Magdalene a high priestess of the Magi? She was accompanied by disciples of the faith known as 'keepers of the faith' (Knights Templars) to guard her, it is this Order of the Knights Templar that took the true faith from the Magi of Egypt, the same faith that Jesus practiced # Their main goals are to promote:Fraternity, Friendship, Spirituality, Meditation,Charity and Chivalry. (To fund the set up of Spiritual Centres teaching Meditation & Spiritual Matters) To maintain the history of the Knights Templar and preserve Ancestral Heritage To encourage the noble ideals of Chivalry and to promote 'Nobility through deeds of Charity & Honour'.To support the poor, the sick, the unjustly accused, to stand against oppression and to protect freedom & liberty


Is the celebration of the maccabees defeating the syrian king a Jewish holiday?

Answer #1.1:Yes, this is the minor holiday of Hanukkah, which is celebrated for 8 days beginning on the 25th of Kislev.Because this generally occurs around mid-December, Hanukkah has been blown all out of proportion because of its proximity to Christmas.Answer #1.2:Technically, the holiday of Hanukkah celebrates the rededication of theHoly Temple following the military vistory, rather than the victory itself.Answer:Actually, the main celebration for which Hanukkah was established was the miracle of the oil, not the rededication itself or the military victory. This is stated explicitly in the Talmud (Shabbat 21b).The Seleucids (Syrian-Greeks) under Antiochus Epiphanes (2nd century BCE), at the instigation of the Hellenizers, had forbidden various Torah-practices such as Sabbath-observance and circumcision, rededicated the Temple to a Greek idol, and pressed the Jews to offer up sacrifices to the idol. One of the leading elder Jewish sages called upon the people to keep observing the Torah anyway; and if necessary, to use force in resisting the decrees. When a Hellenized Jew offered a sacrifice to the Greek idols in a nearby village, the sage killed him as well as the Greek overseer. This brought a violent reaction from the Greeks; and the loyal Jews, led by the Hasmonean family, were forced to retreat from their towns and strike out at the Greeks in an attempt to oust them from the Holy Land and to enable the people to once again observe the Torah. The Torah-Jews were heavily outnumbered by the attacking Greek armies, but God gave them miraculous victories again and again. After three years of struggle, the Greek armies retreated from Jerusalem, and the Hasmoneans (also called Maccabees) entered the Holy Temple which the Greeks had defiled, reconsecrated it to God, and began the Temple service once more. Among other things, they wanted to relight the olive oil candelabrum (Exodus ch. 25), but could only find one day's supply of undefiled oil - and it would take eight days to make and bring some more.Miraculously, the menorah stayed lit for eight days (Talmud, Shabbat 21b), allowing enough time for new oil to be prepared and brought. The significance of the miracle is that it demonstrated that God's presence was still there. The Torah-community was overjoyed, because God's presence meant everything to them.This is what Hanukkah represents: the closeness to God; and the avoidance of Hellenization (assimilation).The Torah Sages instituted the festival of Hanukkah at that time (Talmud, Shabbat 21b), to publicize the miracle (Rashi commentary, ibid). This is why we light our Hanukkah-menorahs.(The Hanukkah-menorah, or hanukkiyah, is a special form of the original seven-branched menorah. Our Hanukkah-menorahs have eight spaces for oil, or candles, to mark each of the eight days for which the oil lasted and a ninth to hold the shamash, a candle used to light the others.)The Al-Hanisim prayer which we recite during Hanukkah centers around the Hasmoneans' victory and rededication of the Temple, while the candle-lighting commemorates the miracle of the oil.Though the military victory is prominently mentioned in the prayers, it wouldn't have been celebrated if not for the miracle of the oil. It should also be noted that the main goal for which the Maccabees fought was not political independence. They fought to enable the people to observe the Torah's commandments; as we say in the Al Hanisim prayer: "The Greeks sought to cause us to forget Your Torah and leave Your statutes."


Results of khilafat movement?

Background:After the First World War in 1918, British and its allied powers decided to divide Turkey among themselves. Turkey supported Germany in the First World War. Germany lost the war and Turkey had to face the music. British and its allies also resolved to dissolve the designation of Khilafat. The designation of Khilafat always remained holy and sacred in the Muslim history. Khalifa is considered the vicegerent of Allah on the Earth. Therefore, the Muslims became infuriated on this unholy act of the British government. Maulana Mohammad Ali Johar and Maulana Shaukat Ali Johar along with other Muslim leaders started a movement called the Khilafat movement.Aims And Objectives Of The Khilafat Movement:The Khilafat Movement aimed at presenting the Ottoman Empire and the continuity of the temporal power of Khalifa to protect Muslim lands without any mandate. Mohammad Ali put forward the demands of the Khilafat Movement in a speech delivered at Paris on March 21, 1920 by declaring:“The Khilafat shall not be dismembered but that the KhalifaShall have sufficient temporal power for the defence of theFaith, that in the Island of Arabia there shall be exclusive,Muslim control without mandate or protection and that theKhalifa shall remain as heretofore the warden of theHoly places.”Demands Of The Khilafat Movement:The demands of the Khilafat committee were as under:i) The Turkish Empire should not be dismembered.ii) The Holy place should remain in the custody of Turkish Government.iii) The institution of Caliphate must be retained.Causes Of The Failure Of Khilafat Movement:Gandhi also joined Muslims in their Khilafat Movement. In fact, he wants to protect the British government and needed autonomy of India through this movement. Therefore, he joined the Khilafat Movement for achieving his coveted plan. Apparently, he was showing that he was sincere to the Muslim cause.Quaid-e-Azam admonished the Muslims that this movement should not be started but Muslims were not listening to him.Non-cooperation movement, Hijrat movement, Moplah revolt and the Chauri Chaura tragedy did a great loss to Muslim properties, wealth and lives.After the tragedy of Chauri Chaura, Gandhi left the Khilafat movement saying that he did not like violence.After Hijrat Movement, the Muslims had to come back to the Sub-continent but now they had lost their hearth and home. They had to face the severe circumstances in the Khilafat movement.In 1924, Mustafa Kamal Ata Turk assumed power in Turkey and abolished the institution of Khilafat himself lf. This act of him really disappointed Muslims. Thus the Khilafat Movement came to an end without achieving its goals.Effects Of Khilafat Movement:i) The Credit Side Of Khilafat Movement:• It trained Muslims for political action and agitation.• It united the extremists and modernists on one platform.• They learned that Hindus can never be friends of Muslims. Their differences are too deep-rooted to weed out.• The Muslims got acquainted of their political power.• It made Muslims politically conscious.• It destroyed the myth of Muslims loyalty to the British.ii) Adverse Side Of Khilafat Movement:• Muslims became more interested in national affairs than international one.• Hijrat movement cost millions of rupees and millions of families.• Muslim emotionalism gave nothing to them. Khilafat was abolished not by British but by Turks themselves.• Religious leaders for the time being vanished from political arena.Conclusion:Every movement against the British rule left its good as well as bad effects on the people. After Khilafat Movement Muslims of the Sub-continent become united, strong and conscious about their separate identity which led them towards final destination. This was the real credit which Muslims derived from Khilafat Movement.


Who is St. Hedwig and what was she noted for?

St. Hedwig of Silesia was a medieval noblewoman known for her piety and acts of charity. She is particularly noted for her efforts in helping the poor and sick, as well as for promoting education and cultural development in the region. Hedwig is also admired for her devotion to the Catholic faith and for her commitment to serving others.


Who is father son and holy spirit?

The difference is 1. Jesus came as a human being and ministered physically forthree years.2. After Jesus left, the Holy Spirit came. His role is to continue the ministry of Jesus till the end of the age. The Holy Spirit is invisible as He is Spirit and He has been operating for about 2000 years since Jesus ascended to heaven.3. Only the name of Jesus can give us salvation (Acts 4:12) Not the Holy Spirit.Jesus' disciples were told to wait for the "Promise of the Father" which was the outpouring of the Holy Spirit when they would be endued with power from on high and in the book of Acts in The Bible, the distinctive purpose was the outpouring of the Holy Spirit to empower the church for ministry. This "outpouring" as it is called happened when the disciples were gathered together in Jerusalem (after Jesus had ascended into Heaven) when suddenly something like "tongues of fire" appeared over each one, giving them the ability to speak in "tongues", which were other languages unknown to them. The crowds who came from several countries were able to hear the Gospel of Jesus and salvation in their own language and many received salvation that day.Many people call the Holy Spirit "a force, a thing, an "it", but the Bible tells us that the Holy Spirit is a person. A few examples below.a. He speaks - Rev. 2:7 "...let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches:b. He intercedes - Rom.8:26 ...but the Spirit intercedesfor us:c. He commands - Acts 16:6,7 - "..they were forbidden by the Holy Spirit to.."d. He leads - Acts 8:29 - ..And the Spirit said to Philip, "Go up and join thischariot:- Romans 8:14 - ."For all who are being led by the Spirit of God,these are the sons of God.e. He can be lied to - Acts 5:3,4 - ."Why has satan filled your heart to lie to theHoly Spirit...".f. He can be blasphemed - Matt.12:31,32 - "....blaspheming the Holy Spiritshall not be forgiven him".g. He can be grieved - Eph. 4:30 - .."And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God..."h. He can be insulted - Heb. 10:29 - ..".and has insulted the Spirit of Grace..".These characteristics are of a person. He is not some impersonal force . He is a person with the divine attributes of God.He is eternal - Heb. 9:14: He is all powerful - Luke 1:35: He is everywhere present - Ps.139:7: He is Creator - Gen. 1:2 (The Spirit of God was hovering over the water) and Gen. 1:26 says "Let US make man in OUR image". There are many more examples, but these ones help show that the Holy Spiritis a person as in God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit.I, personally, am one woman, yet I function as 1.a wife 2.a mother 3.a daughter. Each "role" is different from the other.Water is 1.ice 2.steam 3. water: three aspects of one item.The Holy Spirit is the same. He is part of the trinity called God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Spirit. God as creator, God in the flesh as Jesus and God in power as the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is absolutely God.In Luke 1:35 the virgin Mary is told "The Holy Spiritwill come upon you and you shall bear a child..."In John 14:16-18 Jesus states "I will pray the Father and He will give you *another Helper* that He may abide with you forever, the Spirit of truth, whom the world (unbelievers) cannot receive, because it neither sees Him nor knows Him, but you know Him (believers) for He dwells with you and will be in you, I will not leave you as orphans".*Another Helper* means - "Come along side of, One besides, another of the same kind."The Holy Spirit demonstrates the continuity of Jesus' work (I find a good way to remember who He is with this little prose): He is God, in action, in love, in the earth.The Holy Spirit works as an agent in people's lives by convicting them of sin and righteousness and of judgement (John 16:8-11) amongst other things. He is called the Spirit of Truth because He guides people into all truth. (regarding salvation, right living -and eternal life).At Jesus' baptism in Luke 3:22 it states "and the Holy Spirit descended in bodily form like a dove upon Him and a voice came from heaven which said "You are My beloved Son, in You I am well pleased." Here is also evidence of the trinity, God the Father speaking, God the Son, Jesus being baptised and God the Holy Spirit descending like a dove".A good description I believe, would be this "I need Jesus for my eternal life and the Holy Spirit for my internallife" as He daily guides me and reveals His plans and purposes for me.Also an answer: Holy spirit is the invisible energizing force that God puts into action to accomplish his will. The power It is holy because it is from Jehovah, who is clean and righteous to the highest degree, and because it is God's means to accomplish what is holy. (Luke 1:35; Acts 1:8)for creation came from God through his holy spirit of active force. Genesis 1:2 "Now the earth was formless and desolate, and there was darkness upon the surface of the watery deep, and God's active force was moving about over the surface of the waters." Psalms 33:6 "By the word of Jehovah the heavens were made, Andy by the spirit of his mouth everything in them. Jesus Christ himself said, "The Father is greater than I am" and referred to the Father as his God, "the only true God." (John 14:28, 17:3; 20:17; Mark 15:34; Revelation 1:1; 3:12) On numerous occasions Jesus expressed his inferiority and subordination to the Father. (Matthew 4:9,10, 20:23; Luke 22:41,42; John 5:19; 8:42; 13:16)The Holy Scriptures tell us the personal name of the Father-Jehovah. They inform us that the Son is Jesus Christ. But nowhere in the Scriptures is a personal name applied to the holy spirit.


What are the twelve points of doctrine in the Apostles' Creed?

The twelve points of the Apostles creed are as follows: : 1. I believe in God, the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth. : 2. I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord. : 3. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. : 4. He suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried. : 5. He descended into hell. On the third day he rose again. : 6. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of God the Father Almighty. : 7. He will come again to judge the living and the dead. : 8. I believe in the Holy Spirit, : 9. the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints, : 10. the forgiveness of sins, : 11. the resurrection of the body, : 12. and the life everlasting. : Amen.


Who is the king of Switzerland?

Switzerland started with three royal families, tribes, or ruling families who created a confederacy among themselves to protect each other and their collective interests and boundaries that formed Switzerland. This confederacy was established 1 August 1291. One of the families Schwyz(Switzer) was the largest of the three families, the strongest of the three tribes, with the largest canton. Uri and Nidwalden being the other two original cantons were joined by Glarus, Zug, Lucerne, Zurich and Bern by 1353. Though the Swiss did bring Kings from Germany, Austria, and French and Roman Emperors imposed their claim on Switzerland. Those Kingdoms were overthrown by the Swiss once the Swiss discovered that they did not like being ruled by outsiders, treated like second class citizens on their own land and Swiss interest was not being served.Switzerland is a Confederation of the Cantons. Swiss Government consist of seven members who are elected by the United Federal Assembly to the Federal Council; who hold the position in trust for a four year mandate. Among the Federal Council a President is elected for a one Year term. We'd like to congratulate Doris Leuthard to her appoint for 2010.The President of the Swiss Confederation is regarded as Primus inter pares, or first among equals, for this period. She leads the meetings of the Federal Council and undertakes special representational duties. The President of the Swiss Confederation is an administration position, and the primary duty of the President is to resolve or decide tie breaking votes of the Federal Council.Switzerland is a republic with a president. There's noking!They have no king or queen. they have a president and his name is Hans- Rudolph merz.Who is family claims Switzerland's Kingship?Let us settle this issue once and for all time shall we? Who isSwitzerland's King? Or for that matter Israel's or Europe's King andwhat about Tarpon Spring's King? There is one claimant to thosecoveted thrones!He is American by birth. His American name is John Christian Saxer Jr.His Swiss name is Johann Christian Von Sax the second. He lives inFlorida and regards the throne of England as a fake pretender to thetrue throne; only the Stuarts of the true King's property.He is Great unto his own deeds. He has a patent on a pyramid healingbed chamber issued by the U.S.A. that borders on a perpetual motionmachine. He calls it the "Phoenix Dream Chamber" featuring a QuartzCrystal Capstone of clear perfect quality and credits sleeping in itto have produced his great insight. He has located the capstone of theGreat Pyramid at Giza through math analysis. He has been given creditfor decoding the only symbol (the BOSS)inside the Great pyramid byJohn Gangstead author of "Signs in the Sun" a book about the GreatPyramid's math.He has discovered over a thousand giant ancient holey stone "arkanchors" on the west central coast of Florida. This proves thatAtlantis was on the Gulf of Mexico as the inland sea of Atlantis withNew Port Ritchie as the entrance port with the carvings of Atlas andHesperis the first wife on an "anchor type" Stone. He has located theGreek Garden of the three Hesperides at Tarpon Springs by the overheadview of the ancient river system revealing the portrait of Poseidonand the marriage of Atlas to Hesperis, and the dragon shaped riverthat is the serpent of Eden trailing off of the rear end of Atlaswhich signifying evolution stage from primate to human. Euphratesmeans the dragon shaped river in Greek or Atlantian. That riveraccording to ancient texts had mounds as does the Anclote where as thepresent day Euphrates does not! This means that this Garden was theoriginal and and perhaps the only ancient Garden of Eden. He has beenfeatured in many T.V., news and magazine articles about thisnon-theory reality in his efforts to educate our society to theapparent truths of the Greek Mythology.He is the first proponent of the Earth-Flip Theory where as the Earthcan and has flipped in the past causing the last biblical flood ofNoah and over flowing of Atlantis as the ocean waters spilled out overthe continents as they slipped underneath and later returned to oceanbasins thus reversing our magnetic orientation at the same time andfrom where the sun rises and sets. No other explanation for the worldflood exists! Ask yourself: "would the Earth flipping cause anyproblems?" (Mathew 24 Stars falling from the sky?).He is also the one of the first proponents of a duel sun solar systembased on the procession of the equinoxes and a counter weight, a "DarkStar" to balance the action of that wobble. And also a visitingplanet, Nibiru or wormwood that elliptically orbits between the twosuns through our immediate solar system in a 3200 yr cycle. Saxerexpounded on that and on the missing capstone at the Ancient AstronautConvention in 1978 in Chicago. The leader of that convention Eric vonDanikin was rather put off by this relative youngster, Saxer at 28yrs.old to have shown the entire group of 300 there at that meeting thatanother leader in mankind's evolution had emerged with obvious dataindicating he was right. Saxer was rewarded by getting his membershipto the Ancient Astronaut Society revoked by Von Danikin with thedeclaration that "you will never speak at one of my conventionsagain!" Than later in 1992 the Jet Propulsion Lab astrophysicistspeaker at that same convention declared that they had located a"Brown Dwarf" in our solar system. They only had looked where Saxerhad pointed. That same speaker when Saxer initially spoke to him aboutthe possibility of a "Dark Star" said "absolutely not such an item inour solar system!". Mr. Saxer had given a lesson in common senseastrophysics! The only good thing about that guy is he later correctedhimself! One can only wonder what von Danikin will say when herealizes he kicked out of his little club the one who would becomefuture King of his residing country. Perhaps one of his ancient godswill rescue him in one of those chariots of theirs before the Kingdeclares eminent domain on his estates.Von Sax has corrected our history when none of the learned men andwomen of this society could do so. This is extremely pitiful of allour authoritarian intellectuals who have let us down universally whenthe given facts were always available to each of us..oh wait righteoussubjects; big Al Einstein was also a proponent of earth flip theory asrecently brought to the attention of von Sax on "coast to coastA.M.with George Noori". It's great to be on a par with that guy!Einstein not GeorgeMr. von Sax is also progenitor and a believer in the rathercontroversial theory that the Father of Jesus was indeed Zacharias,the High Priest of the temple and the uncle of Mary. This would meanthat John the Baptist was also actually half brother to Jesus, andMary was cousin to John. This allowed passing on the line of David andJudah as father to son through artificial insemination (immaculateconception) so as to provide as potent blood possible of the DavidicPriest-King gene to provide as strong an opposition and resistance tothe Roman occupation rule at that time. This secrecy the led to thevirgin birth of God pretext that has confused all Christian faithsever since( Hebrews 5 & 6). This is the only way Joseph could haveaccepted the pregnancy! Joseph was the protector of the comingmessiah: the Anointed King of Israel. Also as Messiah Priest -King ofIsrael he would have been required to produces an Heir to the AnointedThrone as soon as possible given the Roman occupation again. CouldJohn the beloved of the Apocalypse be the First Born Child of Jesus?Again secrecy had to be used to keep him safe. How else was that boyable to revealate.. He lived the longest of the apostles and saw themost!. Again none of the religious scholars have even proposed anything close to the correct sequence of events! Maybe the X- Nazi popewill X COMMUNICATE von Sax for giving out too much truth. And thenwhat? Will the pontificator get a pike in the posterior by one of theKings Loyal Swiss Guard?His Royal Swiss claim rests on his family line as it goes back to theOld Confederacy of the Swiss when his ancestors in a 200 year feud(Werdenbergfeud) managed by seven generations of von Sax familypatriarchs; men named Casper, Johann, Heinrich, Johann Peter, Wilhelm,Johann Ulrich and Matthias. They were acknowledged as Princes of theEmpire.It started when Albert the 1st of Austria a Hapsburg in 1278A.D.became Emperor as he did steal the Gold of Solomon, and the rightfulfuture King-Priest from Kyburg castle an early Swiss "von Sax" (of theSTONE) property where it was stored and brought it to Austria. He wasa nephew to the real owners, at Kyburgs Castle. Albert the 1st was notentitled to it as were the the Exilarchs; meaning monarchs in exile.Albert Hapsburg's despicable act of course started the Swiss War forIndependence.Years earlier The Knights Templars were the Army of the Lord foundedby St. Bernard in the middle 11th century and continually under thecontrol of the Von Sax Family at Mesocco! In 1213 treacherous acts oftreason by King Philip of France and the Pope to steal their gold madethe Templar King retreat to their Swiss Celtic Haven, Rhatia (foundedby Keltus son of the Spartan Royalty).The "STONE OF DESTINY "sometimes called "lia fail" is also known byanother title in latin, SAXum Fatali. This stone was taken by St.Columbo an Irish monk, with equal royal rank, away from the ScottishKing as punishment for evil he had done. He the traveled to Europealong with Holy Gallus his brother and his 12 man entourage carryingit . This stone as it is said throughout history has crowned 100Scottish and Irish Kings over 1000 years from 500 B.C. to 560 A.D. asthey sat upon it. St. Columbo prophesied that when this stonereappears that all mankind will hear it shout out the name of the trueKing whose right it is to claim his inheritance. The Scots and Englishhave fought and crowned over a door step stone, the false stone for1,500 years while the real stone ended up in St. Gallen, Switzerlandin the hands of the descendants of Holy Gallus at their castle. Thatstone altar is from the time of Jacob at Pineal where he wrestled anAngel-God to test him, happens at this point in time to have on it thename of your true King: Johann von Sax and an engraving of thepouncing young lion of Zion of Judah representing David's anointing ashe in one move killed Goliath and that allowed the Anointed Army ofthe Most High God to kill10,000 scattering Philistines. Von Sax familykeeps it safe for it is an Altar Stone to Sacrifice to God Almighty inthanksgiving for all we have in life.The 1499A.D. Emperor Sigismund's large Austrian army and the SwabianKnight army were defeated by "Ulrich the peasant" von Sax with 200great-grandsons of the Templars in uniform along with the peasantSwiss army. At that time the records of the Swiss were systematicallydestroyed to hide this information by Sigismund in order to eliminatethe true Kings claim to the Davidic Throne as Priest-King, acontinuous line of more than 3,000 years at that time. Sigismund, theHoly Roman Emperor out of obvious jealousy for the title of Exilarch;which his cousin Ulrich actually was, had almost all records of thisfamily obliterated and claimed the title Priest-King. Sigismund wasnot happy with only being Emperor. This is an example of righteousnessfacing evil tyranny head on. Apparently this accomplishment of winningindependence for the Swiss put a price on Ulrich's head and the familywent into hiding with their royal secret! Lands and property had to beabandoned to keep the Holy Royal Davidic Line intact! Yet through themagic and power of the Internet some, enough have survived, making the"E paper"trail easier to follow.Yet the Swiss union survived and became a freemen democratic nation attremendous costs to the von Sax family and their heirs. One third ofSwitzerland belonged to the von Sax from marriages and acquisitions,starting from before the 9th century through Charlemagne's Father'sthankfulness toward the Exilarchs of Narbonne and Septamania, earliervon Sax Ancestors who fought against the Moors named Bin Sacco orZacco the Victor meaning from Isaac's Son; who is Jacob (Israel).Great Swiss Houses,Toggenburger, Zahringer, Kyburg, Belmont andRhaitia were all von Sax holdings well earned; as well as MESOCCO theSwiss National Monument to their independence. From 1240 through 1499A.D. von Sax's ruled as Priest-Kings. Then Sigismund's actions leftthe present blood royal king without castles, gold, and position. Sadto see the Swiss with all that money and how quickly they forget whosefamily got them there! How quickly the world forgot who establishedthe first modern democracy that lead to French, German and eventuallythe United States freedom nations. George Washington was the Ulrichvon Sax of America, not the reverse. How quickly they forgot who wroteSwiss common law, law that is still relevant today.It's hard to see in the famous "Oath of Rhutli"1296 the Swissdeclaration of Independence from Hapsburg tyranny where freemen stealproperty from other freemen; especially the one man that wasresponsible for the hard fought freedom, Ulrich the Great Priest-Kingvon Sax. We all owe him the biggest debt of gratitude for how we livenow each and every one of us.! January 1st of every free moderndemocratic nation should be set aside as (Ulrich) von Sax day!The von Sax family clearly goes back to Charlemagne and as such VonSax claims that THRONE AS WELL in Aachen. Get ready Switzerland andthe European Union for He aims to RULE. He is the Exilarch of theJewish line of David and His records show this. He is worried aboutthe present course of human affairs because he feels the leadershipout of greed and ignorance has lost is control over the ships of stateand the welfare of mankind! He loves and cares for his subjects andplans to restore righteousness and truth to all mankind by Hisrightful monarchy. There are no other claimants because no-one can.Saxer's grandparents Johann Ulrich and Mary Marie came to America in1911 to protect their future family. The Swiss sister to Johann soldoff the last reacquired von Sax property as the Nazi party came topower in1936, fearing their persecution as always the Royal Davidicline has endured. Johann the grandfather had three sons the Second sonJohn married Madelyn Maria Teresa Davis a Welsh princess.( suspectedof being Davidic line as yet untraceable) "The Stone which thebuilders rejected has become head of the corner: this is the LORD'Sdoing and it is marvelous in our eyes!" is a quote out of the bible.Johann Christian Von Sax has been quoted as saying: "Let the righteousstand with him. Let evil men fall! Let their family members and closeassociates police the corrupted ones even unto death for the sake ofall mankind: this must be done." "Ask not what the King can do foryou, for he already has; rather ask what you may do for your fellowservants of the KINGDOM"You will enjoy his press releases on Ponce de Leon as well. The lostcolony of 200 Spanish was recently located by your King of History andarchaeology. "Johann the Great" has finished the work of "Alexanderthe Great", to locate Atlantian Eden!Johann von Sax may be goggled; John Saxer, ark anchors, TarponSprings, and as of yet no web home site. However please use thisaddress Johannvonsax@gmail.com (E MAIL) media inquiriesMy Dear People of Switzerland,I intend to return to Switzerland as arch- prince in a few weeksdepending how the media responds to my revelation of my existance asyou actual king! I intend to claim Schloss Werdenberg and live thereas I rule.That as the White house of Europe at one time. Thatperticular castle was in fact never paid for properly as your ownhistory books have revieled to me and many others who study the law.When a family estate is lost during a war and no-one has claimed itthe heir or head of the family has the absolute right the claim itback with no payment and in addition there is no financial reparationsthat have top be paid in such cases. Johann von Sax in 1481 or so lostpossesion to a Giovannie (an Italian general ) that the citizens ofBuch through him out as Johann tried to collect the funds for thesale. They the citizens took over the castle and maintained it. Thereis no statute of limitations on such cases!My family armed and taughtthe pesant to fight for freedom. It cost our family everthing and wehave recieved nothing through the centuries after ruling their forover 700 years. Payback can some time resettle KARMA IF YOU ALL KNOWWHAT I MEAN > Vengious and Salvation are exactly mine and my fqamiliesin this case!All have thought that the family line died out but in actuallityit has not! I am the heir thought Johann Phipip von Hohansax von Saxthe mummy of Senwald who nevwer recieved his inheritance and was theson of Mattias von Hohansax von Sax who married the wife of" Ulrichthe Great of Swabia" who was at war to free the Swiss from theoppression of Sigimund the Holy Holy Roman Emperor at the time. It wasfeared that Ulrich was killed in battle having not heard from theroyal Swiss King who signed up as "Ulrich the pesant" to sharesolidarity with the people and their cause of freedom. Mattias andKatherine then found out Ulrich was alive and retreated to safety withPhipip thire newborn son as Ulrich's temper could not be trusted totake the news! Mattias motives were indeed honorable as the legitamatelineage of the Merovingians from Prince Ursa of he (th centurymigration from France and therefore Exilarc's of Isreal lineage had tobe maintained because it was promise fron God Alnmighty a Savior ofmankind would come from that holy seed "The Scepter of Israel shallnever Judah : father to son till the end of Time!" from the Jacob binIsaac's death bed words of Isreals' future rule on earth & I am thatHoly SEED brought to life as King not only of Switzerland , Swabia.Werdenberg, But Judah and all the lost europian tribes of Isreal andof all the Anglo-SAXons everwhere as depicted on the "Behiston Stone"of Darious who reliesed the Jews from Persia in the 3rd century B.C.as they crossed the Caucasion mountians into europe! There should beno doubt about it but if you doubt it say goodby to your lovesd onesin Switzerland for you have no place in the Kingdom of Peace which Ishall Rule with righteousness and truth for all righteous humans.God bless the righteous of the Lord as I represent the GodAlmighty who has personally ordaned me to this righteous word andduty. AmenI am Johannes Christian von Hohansax von Sax and I have come forth