It depends a lot on the mass of the star. It can be anywhere between a few million years (for the most massive stars), to tens of trillions of years (for red dwarves).
The mass of the star
hydrogen
No. A few hundred years is insignificant in the lifetime of a star. Even the shortest-live stars last for millions of years. Polaris is a three star system. The main star, Polaris A will probably last for another few tens of millions of years while the other tow stars will last for another few billion years.
No. The less massive a star, the longer it will last. A main sequence star half the mass of the sun can be expected to last about 5 times longer.
A white star has a temperature range of between 7,500-10,000 K. A blue white star has an even higher temperature range, and a blue star has the highest.
Lifetimes range from a few million to 100 trillion years
The lifetime of a star varies a lot, depending on its exact mass. The lifetime of a star can be anywhere from just a few million years for the most massive stars, to trillions of years for red dwarves.
10¹¹ years
An O star will stay on the main sequence for millions of years whereas a M star can stay on the main sequence for billions and billions of years.
When a star is at the end of its lifetime its mass increases.
The lifetime of a star may be anything between about a million years for the more massive stars, and several trillion (several million million) years for red dwarves.
Stellar evolution is the term for the changes a star undergoes during its lifetime.
It depends on the size. Small, dim stars live much, much longer than large, bright ones. The expected lifetime of a star like the Sun as a main-sequence star is about 10 billion years.
When a star is at the end of its lifetime its mass increases.
The mass of the star
Our sun, or another star just like it (there are many more like our sun) has a lifetime of about 10 billion years, give or take 500 million.
About 4.3 light years, assuming you refer to the Centauri triple star system. About 150,000 years away by Space Shuttle. :-) if you're looking for a range, from the nearest star to the furthest star, it's about 4.2-525 light years away.