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Why is fracture stress less than ultimate tensile strength?
Fracture stress is only less than ultimate tensile strength in an engineering stress-strain diagram. This is because the material will experience a maximum stress before it undergoes necking. After necking, stress will decrease again until the material snaps.
What does hoop stress in a material mean?
It is the tangential stress ( normal to the radius) in a circular structure, such as a ring (hoop). For a example if you shrink fit a ring over a cylinder it will have hoop stress, tangential stress along the entire circumference.
Why is circular sewer section preferable?
Circular sewer sections are preferable because they efficiently handle the flow of sewage and stormwater by minimizing friction and maximizing hydraulic capacity. Their shape allows for uniform distribution of stress along the walls, reducing the risk of collapse. Additionally, circular pipes can withstand external loads better, making them durable and cost-effective for underground installations. This design also facilitates easier maintenance and cleaning compared to other shapes.
What is the difference between Bending STRESS and Direct Stress?
direct stress is a stress normal to the cross section, A, and is the result of an axial load, P. direct stress = P/A Bending stress also acts normal to the cross section but varies from tension on one side and compression on the other. and is the result of a bending moment, M. bending stress = Mc/I where I is the area moment of inertia and c the distance from outer fiber to neutral axis
Relation between tensile stressbending moment and section of modulus?
The relation between bending moment and the second moment of area of the cross-section and the stress at a distance y from the neutral axis is stress=bending moment * y / moment of inertia of the beam cross-section
Where will you find the maximum shear stress in a beam?
The maximum stress occurs where shear load is maximum and maximum stress is at the center of the beam cross section if loaded in shear due to bending. It drops to zero at the top and bottom surfaces. The average stress is load divided by area ; maximum stress is dependent on shape of cross section and is 1.5 times load divided by area at the cross section center for rectangular cross section. For shear due to twist, max shear stress in the outer surface.
Why maximum stress concentration factor for plate with a hole is 3?
Maximum stress concentration factor on a plate with a circular hole depends on the radius/size of the circle and the overall width of the plate. So the value can be different then 3
Is Modulus of rupture the same as Maximum stress?
Yes.Modulus of RuptureUltimate strength determined in a flexure or torsion test. In a flexure test, modulus of rupture in bending is the maximum fiber stress at failure. In a torsion test, modulus of rupture in torsion is the maximum shear stress in the extreme fiber of a circular member at failure. Alternate terms are flexural strength and torsional strength.
What shape of a pillar will hold the most load?
A circular pillar shape is typically the most efficient for holding loads, as it evenly distributes stress around its circumference. This shape minimizes the potential for buckling and allows for uniform load distribution across its surface. Additionally, circular pillars have no corners, which can be points of weakness in other shapes. Thus, for maximum strength and load-bearing capacity, a circular cross-section is ideal.
Where in the in cross section minimum shear stress is developed in case of a circular shaft under torsion?
Under torsion only, the shear stress is minimum, in fact zero, at the center point ( where radius is zero)
Which cross-section is better for vibration damping?
A circular cross-section is better for vibration damping as it offers more uniform stress distribution compared to rectangular or square cross-sections. The circular shape allows for more efficient dissipation of vibration energy, reducing the impact of vibrations on the structure.
What is the importance of section modulus?
Sectional modulus of any section determines the strength of a section, i.e. if two sections made up of same material then the section with higher section moduls will carry higher load as the allowable stress is constant for a given material. in analysis of it is useful in determining the maximum stress value to which the section is subjected when the moment is konwn from the relation f=(M/Z) where f= stress at extreem fibre M= maximum bending moment on section Z= section modulus = (moment of inertia/ distance of extreem fibre from NA)
What is the maximum amount of stress a material can exert called?
The maximum amount of stress a material can exert is called the ultimate tensile strength. It is the maximum stress a material can withstand before breaking.
Why is fracture stress less than ultimate tensile strength?
Fracture stress is only less than ultimate tensile strength in an engineering stress-strain diagram. This is because the material will experience a maximum stress before it undergoes necking. After necking, stress will decrease again until the material snaps.
Is bending stress is directly proportional to section modulus?
Yes, bending stress is directly proportional to the section modulus. A larger section modulus indicates that the cross-sectional shape of the member is better at resisting bending, leading to lower bending stress. Conversely, a smaller section modulus results in higher bending stress for the same applied bending moment.
Why liquid usually transferred in circular pipe?
Circular pipes are easy to fabricate and require the minimum material for a given cross section. If the liquid is under pressure, a circular cross section for the pipe holds the pressure easier and allows the stress to be distributed more or less equally around the perimeter; other cross sections will concentrate the stresses in a few areas around the perimeter.
Why shear stresses are maximum at neutral axis?
according to bending stress because shear stress at neutral is 0 that is why shear force is maximum
