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xanthine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of purines (the bicyclic nitrogenous bases in genetic material) to form uric acid. Uric acid is then excreted.
xanthine oxidase reduces water and oxygen to hydrogen peroxide in the process.
(Nelson D.L.; Cox, M.M., Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 4th ed., New York: W.H. Freeman, 2004, 35.) xanthine oxidase is also carried by some white blood cells to produce hydrogen peroxide and other forms of reactive oxygen, as part of the inflammatory response in many mammals. For example, tobacco smoke causes the production of more xanthine oxidase and more reactive oxygen species. (Kayyali, U.S.; Rohit Budhiraja, R.; Pennella, C.M.; Cooray, S.; Lanzillo, J.J.; Chalkley, R.; Hassoun, P.M., Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2003,188, 59-68.)
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