Cosmology, Astronomy, Astrophysics, etc.
Astronomy
paleantolligest
Paleontology
You have it in reverse. Scientific notation is useful for measuring stars.
No, a person does not study stars in biology. A person would learn about stars in astronomical science and earth science.
The only reasons I can think of that you should not study the stars would be that a. You don't have the educational background that studying would be beneficial to you or your mental state. b. You don't want to study the stars because you wish to be ignorant.
An astronomer.
Egyptology would help
Astronomy is the scientific study of the Universe: what is out there in space, how old the Universe is, what will be its future, etc. Astrology is a set of beliefs about mysterious influences the stars or planets have on us. This is not based on any scientific method, and is really just superstition. By the way, the people who study each of the discipline would be called "astronomers" and "astrologers"
The scientific or taxonomic name would be Campanula isophylla.
An astronomer or astrophysicist would study the moon, stars, and planets - of course they may study more than just those.
The scientific or taxonomic name would be Nicotiana sylvestris.