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mannitol is a type of sugar, so it supplies the carbon in the MSA medium
Both
7.5% NaCl
the salt content
I believe you're talking about redox electroplating in a salt medium. If that's the case, then nickel is in fact the reducing agent. Reducing agent loses electrons, oxidizing agent gains.
Mannitol salt agar or MSA is a commonly used growth medium in microbiology. It contains a high concentration (~7.5%-10%) of salt (NaCl), making it selective for Staphylococci (and Micrococcaceae) since this level of NaCl is inhibitory to most other bacteria.
The high salt concentration (7.5-10% w/v) makes the agar hard for all but staph spp. To grow, and staph aureus turns yellow when it ferments the mannitol.
Mannitol salt agar (MSA) contains high levels of salt because it inhibits the growth of most bacteria. This makes it an excellent medium to test for Staphylococci and Micrococcaceae as they are tolerant of high levels of NaCl.
High Salt Medium Used as a medium for algal growth environment
Salt (NaCl) is not a leavening agent.
Mannitol Salt Agar is selective for staphylococci as the high salt (sodium chloride) levels prohibit most other bacteria from surviving and it is differential as Staphylococci ferment mannitol, producing acid, lowering the pH and turning the media yellow. The development of yellow media presumes the bacteria to be pathogenic Staphylococcus (usually S. aureus). From A Photographic Atlas for the Microbiology Laboratory by Leboffe and Pierce.
Minimal salts agar is selective and differential. It grows gram positive bacteria and turns different color depending on what the specimen is.