Unfortunately, the question is a little bit too general for a good answer. Different types of poetry have different structures, and some poetry (free verse) is essentially structureless. The only general things that you could say is that poetry is (usually) shorter than stories and novels, and poetry is (usually) a more concise way of writing... poets tend to struggle over finding the perfect _word_ to describe something, whereas non-poets could write three sentences or more to express the same thing. That's all I can think of that is (usually) true of poetry in general. Some poems rhyme, many do not. Some poems have limitations on words or syllables in each line. Some do not.
Poetry is typically organized into stanzas, which are groups of lines. Each stanza can vary in length and structure. Poetic structure also includes rhyme scheme, meter, and other devices like alliteration or repetition that contribute to the overall rhythm and flow of the poem.
Ask yourself!!
A. Dickinson's poetry addresses many topics at once, whereas Whitman's poetry focuses on a single topic. B. Dickinson's poetry has a strict structure, whereas Whitman's poetry rejects structure. C. Dickinson's poetry is rambling, whereas Whitman's poetry is succinct. D. Dickinson's poetry is frivolous, whereas Whitman's poetry is serious.
A. Dickinson's poetry addresses many topics at once, whereas Whitman's poetry focuses on a single topic. B. Dickinson's poetry has a strict structure, whereas Whitman's poetry rejects structure. C. Dickinson's poetry is rambling, whereas Whitman's poetry is succinct. D. Dickinson's poetry is frivolous, whereas Whitman's poetry is serious.
the elements of a poems structure
structure poetry
The rhythmic structure of a poem is referred to as meter
In poetry, the meter is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse.
parallelelism
It sets the tone of the poem. Structure helps the reader follow along. Finally structure helps mandate the theme and your style.
James L. Cuthbertson's poetry was that of a stanza structure. His poems were classified under the category of occasional poetry. He wrote his verses with restraint and simplicity.
The use of meter apex
Limitations can influence a poem's structure.
Modern poetry and prose are identical in structure and diction. The only difference is that prose claiming to be poetry is artificially arrayed in "lines" and pseudo-stanzas on the page instead of honest paragraphs.