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Judicial review.

It is important to note that the courts can only declare an Act (law) or Executive Order unconstitutional AFTER it becomes law, and then only IF it is relevant to a case before the court. Some people mistakenly believe the US Supreme Court has the power to nullify any act of Congress or the President, but this is not true. The courts must wait until a law is directly or indirectly challenged through a lawsuit.

This power is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution but discussed extensively in the Federalist writings, especially number 84. Also discussed by Jefferson, in, among other places, his Sept 28, 1820 letter to William Jarvis.
Judicial Review!

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Q: What is the term for the power of the judiciary to declare acts of Congress or the President unconstitutional?
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What is the term for the power the judiciary has to declare acts of the president or congress unconstitutional?

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