The History of the Hebrews (Jews) runs 4000 years, and there are many more than three parts. But you could divide it like this:
Biblical
Rabbinic (Medievel)
Modern
The ONLY written information we have about the ancient Hebrews is in the Bible.
The New Testament contains the Book of Hebrews.
It depends on what era and what country you are talking about. Throughout history, Hebrews have escaped many perils.
The only source for this history, as of today, is the Torah (תורה).
The Hebrews had always been in the Fertile Crescent, which is a place with major trade routes, including part of the famous Silk Road. In addition, there is a sea coast for shipping. When the Hebrews settled in Israel (Canaan), they were in a place that bridged three continents (Asia, Africa, and the nearby Europe).
Up until the destruction of the Second Temple, say roughly the first Century C.E., the history of the Hebrews ... nowknown as the "Jewish people" ... takes place in the area now referred to as "Israel" and its immediate surroundings.
Psalms is often quoted in Hebrews.
The three civilizations that conquered the Hebrews were: Egypt, Assyrians, and Chaldeans. The Hebrews went through a cycle of being captured, enslaved, and freed.
At a guess (looking at history overall) USA (African Slavery), Italy (Roman Empire), Egypt (Hebrews) - no particular order
It was called the Torah.
First, pick an era you want to talk about (The Hebrews have been around for more than 4000 years). Then you could talk about the history, the evolution, or the political events in the lives of the Hebrews.
The Hebrews moved to more than just three places, but the three main places were: Cana'an (כנען) Egypt (מצרים) Babylon (בבל)