Then you would be able to observe the next to the youngest rock layer.
On the top
in the middle of the ocean ridge
The basement is a term sometimes used, and Cratonis another used in a continental context.The Principle of Superposition has it that in a given formation, the top layers are the youngest, and the deeper layers the oldest.
youngest
Whenfolding, faulting, and uplifting occurs, the youngest rock layer can not always be on top. With folding the oldest rock layer could get folded over on top of a younger layer. When faulting occurs a younger rock layer can become "lower" or pushed more down in the rock layers that was originally shown. When these things happen, then rock layers can become out of order and the youngest layer is not always on the top of the layer.
Then you would be able to observe the next to the youngest rock layer.
On the top
Clay
On the top
Superposition is the theory that the rock layer that is on top is the youngest and the layer of rock on the bottom is the oldest.
According to the Law of Superposition, in a depositional sequence of undisturbed rock layers, the top layer of rock is the most recent to form from the processes of lithification or eruption of lava onto the surface, and are therefore the youngest rock layers.
The principle of superposition states that in an undisturbed sequence of rock layers, the youngest will be at the top, the oldest at the bottom.
1. If a set of rock layers has been disturbed by movement of tectonic plates, the youngest layer may no longer be on top.
The one closest to the surface because rock layers are laid down one on top of another.
states that the lowest rock in layers is the oldest and the highest is the youngest rock layer
You would know because the youngest rock layer is always on the top, and the oldest is always at the bottom of the canyon.