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To change the course of the war. Grant and Sherman both believed that it was the strength of the people's will that was keeping the war going.
To destroy the civilian infrastructure that supported the armies in the field. Sherman's March to the Sea wrecked farms and railroads, helping to starve the enemy troops. It shortened the war by months at almost nil casualties.
Ironically, it was because Sherman had failed to carry out Grant's orders to destroy the Army of Tennessee, which had escaped from Atlanta into the mountains. Sherman was also increasingly worried about his long and vulnerable supply-line - a single-track railroad that was always being blown up by Confederate cavalry. So Sherman decided to 'exploit his limits' by turning South-east across Georgia, living off the land, conducting punitive raids on the farms, and wrecking the railroads, before liberating the blockade-runners' port of Savannah. This had the effect of starving the Confederate armies in the field and devastating civilian morale. It undoubtedly shortened the war by months.
To Destroy all their resources and to steal there weapons.
He saw a chance to wage psychological warfare by laying waste to rich farmland, at very little risk to his troops, destroying civilian morale as well as helping to starve the Confederate armies.
It didn't split the Confederacy in two. It was a punitive raid of destruction that simply helped to destroy the Southern economy and starve the Confederate armies in the field. Splitting the Confederacy in two is what Grant (and Sherman) achieved earlier in the Siege of Vicksburg, which ended with the liberation of the Mississippi.
Atlanta.
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General William T. Sherman headed the 5th Division of the Army of the Tennessee at the Battle of Shiloh. US Grant and his forces embarked from Union transport ships and landed at Pittsburg Landing on April 3, 1862. Most historians have written that Grant did not expect to encounter any enemy troops so there was no rush to dig entrenchments. Although this was not proper procedure, there would have been no issue concerning this accept for the unknown presence of Confederate troops which would engage Grant in battle on April 6, 1862. General Sherman, however, writes that entrenchment orders were not given because Grant did not want these fresh troops to be concerned about an immediate battle. He said the troops would be intimidated. This seems to be out of character for both generals.
Grant had not been especially interested in capturing Atlanta. He had told Sherman simply to destroy the Army of Tennessee, and Sherman had failed to do this. Meanwhile the Confederates were attacking his long supply-line, and there was an election coming up, which Lincoln believed he would lose. For want of anything better to do, Sherman decided to capture Atlanta - an important rail junction - and this helped to restore Northern morale. The Army of Tennessee escaped into the mountains, hoping Sherman would abandon Atlanta in order to follow them. This was when Sherman decided to abandon his supply-line instead, and live off the land while crossing Georgia, destroying farms and railroads, and eventually liberating the port of Savannah.
Who is Sherman Hensley? Do you want to know the sexual orientation of a dead man named Sherman Hemsley? His orientation is "under 6 feet of dirt". Let it go.
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